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Beginning Scottish Gaelic 1-F > 1-F: Fifth set of very basic vocabulary > Flashcards

1-F: Fifth set of very basic vocabulary Flashcards

Some everyday words related to those already learned; key place names

1
Q

Eòrpa

f.

A

Europe

Long form: an Roinn-Eòrpa (lit. “the Region [of] Europe”)

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2
Q

Europe

A

Eòrpa

f.

Long form: an Roinn-Eòrpa (lit. “the Region [of] Europe”)

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3
Q

Eòrpach

A

European

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4
Q

European

A

Eòrpach

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5
Q

Aimearaga

f.

Other common spellings: Aimeireaga, Aimeireagaidh

A

America

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6
Q

America

A

Aimearaga

Other common spellings: Aimeireaga, Aimeireagaidh

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7
Q

Ameireaganach

m.; gen. & pl. Ameireaganaich, comp. Ameireaganaiche

Sometimes shortened to Ameireagach, gen. & pl. Ameireagaich, comp. Ameregaiche.

A

American

Stàtach is a slangish use to be aware of, but avoid (since it means “statesman” in standard usage).

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8
Q

American

A

Ameireaganach

m.; gen. & pl. Ameireaganaich, comp. Ameireaganaiche

Sometimes shortened to Ameireagach, gen. & pl. Ameireagaich, comp. Ameregaiche.<br></br>Stàtach is a slangish use to be aware of, but avoid (since it means “statesman” in standard usage).

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9
Q

Canadach

A

Canadian

The country is just Canada, same as in English.

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10
Q

Canadian

A

Canadach

The country is just Canada, same as in English.

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11
Q

Astràilia

f.

A

Australia

Remember the lack of the “u” in it!

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12
Q

Australia

A

Astràilia

f.

Remember the lack of the “u” in it!

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13
Q

Astràilianach

m.; gen. & pl. Astràilianaich, comp. Astràilianache

Sometimes shortened to Astràiliach, gen. & pl. Astràiliaiche, comp. Astràiliche

A

Australian

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14
Q

Australian

A

Astràilianach

m.; gen. & pl. Astràilianaich, comp. Astràilianache

Sometimes shortened to Astràiliach, gen. & pl. Astràiliaiche, comp. Astràiliche

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15
Q

Cuimrigh, a’ Chuimrigh

f.

A

Wales
(Cymru)

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16
Q

Wales
(Cymru)

A

Cuimrigh, a’ Chuimrigh

f.

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17
Q

Cuimreach

m.; gen. & pl. Cuimrich, comp. Cuimriche

A

Welsh

The language: Cuimris, a’ Chuimris

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18
Q

Welsh

A

Cuimreach

m.; gen. & pl. Cuimrich, comp. Cuimriche

The language: Cuimris, a’ Chuimris

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19
Q

Èireannach

m.; gen. & pl. Èireannich, comp. Èireanniche

A

Irish

The language: Gaeilge; more clumsily, Gàidhlig na h-Èireann.

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20
Q

Irish

A

Èireannach

m.; gen. & pl. Èireannich, comp. Èireanniche

The language: Gaeilge; more clumsily, Gàidhlig na h-Èireann.

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21
Q

Breatann Bheag,
a’ Bhreatann Bheag

f.; gen. Bhreatainn Bhig

A

Brittany
(Breizh)

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22
Q

Brittany
(Breizh)

A

Breatann Bheag,
a’ Bhreatann Bheag

f.; gen. Bhreatainn Bhig

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23
Q

Breatnach

m.; gen. & pl. Breatnaich, comp. Bretnaiche

A

Breton

The language: Breatnais, gen. Breatnaise.
(Avoid Breatannais, which also means “Brittonic/Brythonic”.)

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24
Q

Breton

A

Breatnach

m.; gen. & pl. Breatnaich, comp. Bretnaiche

The language: Breatnais, gen. Breatnaise.
(Avoid Breatannais, which also means “Brittonic/Brythonic”.)

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25
Q

Manainn, Eilean Mhanainn

f.

A

Isle of Man, Mann
(Mannin, Ellan Vannin)

There are other forms, e.g. an t-Eilean M[h]anannach, lit. “the Manx Island”.

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26
Q

Isle of Man, Mann
(Mannin, Ellan Vannin)

A

Manainn, Eilean Mhanainn

f.

There are other forms, e.g. an t-Eilean M[h]anannach, lit. “the Manx Island”.

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27
Q

Manannach

m.; gen. & pl. Manannaich, comp. Manannaiche

Old/long form: Manainneach, gen. & pl. Manainnich, comp. Manainniche

A

Manx

The language: Gaelg or Manannais; more clumsily, Gàidhlig Mhanainn.

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28
Q

Manx

A

Manannach

m.; gen. & pl. Manannaich, comp. Manannaiche

Old/long form: Manainneach, gen. & pl. Manainnich, comp. Manainniche.
The language: Gaelg or Manannais; more clumsily, Gàidhlig Mhanainn.

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29
Q

Còrn, a’ Chòrn

f.; gen. Còirne

A

Cornwall
(Kernow)

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30
Q

Cornwall
(Kernow)

A

Còrn, a’ Chòrn

f.; gen. Còirne

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31
Q

Còrnach

m.; gen. & pl. Còrnoich, comp. Còrnaiche

A

Cornish

The language: Còrnais.

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32
Q

Cornish

A

Còrnach

m.; gen. & pl. Còrnoich, comp. Còrnaiche

The language: Còrnais.

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33
Q

craic

m.

A

fun (noun)

“Craic” is also common in Scottish and Irish English usage today (“That party was good craic!”)

34
Q

fun (noun)

A

craic

m.

“Craic” is also common in Scottish and Irish English usage today (“That party was good craic!”)

35
Q

bata

m.; pl. bataichean

Bonus question: diminutive version, batan (gen. batain, pl. batanan)

A

stick, staff, cane, bat

Diminutive: “baton”, “small stick”

36
Q

stick, staff, cane, bat

Bonus question: diminutive version, for “baton”, “small stick”

A

bata

m.; pl. bataichean

Diminutive: batan, gen. batain, pl. batanan

37
Q

bàta

m., pl. bàtaichean

A

boat

38
Q

boat

A

bàta

m.; pl. bàtaichean

39
Q

latha

m.; gen. also latha; irregular pl. làithean

A

day

In either sense (“a 24-hour period” or “the daytime”).

40
Q

day

In either sense (“a 24-hour period” or “the daytime”).

A

latha

m.; gen. also latha; irregular pl. làithean

41
Q

Aonadh Eòrpach (AE),
an t-Aonadh Eòrpach

f.; gen. Aonaidh Eòrpaich

Also rendered Aonadh na h-Eòrpa, an t-Aonadh na h-Eòrpa

A

European Union,
the European Union

42
Q

European Union,
the European Union

A

Aonadh Eòrpach (AE),
an t-Aonadh Eòrpach

f.; gen. Aonaidh Eòrpaich

Also rendered Aonadh na h-Eòrpa, an t-Aonadh na h-Eòrpa

43
Q

gu leòr

A

enough, sufficient;
plenty, lots [of];
well, thoroughly

Mnemonic: origin of “galore” in English.

44
Q

enough, sufficient;
plenty, lots [of];
well, thoroughly

A

gu leòr

Mnemonic: origin of “galore” in English.

45
Q

math gu leòr

A

good/well enough;
alright, just fine

Sometimes ceart gu leòr instead (“right enough”).

46
Q

good/well enough;
alright, just fine

A

math gu leòr

Sometimes ceart gu leòr instead (“right enough”).

47
Q

Stàitean Aonaichte (SA),
na Stàitean Aonaichte

f.

A

United States (US),
the United States

48
Q

United States (US),
the United States

A

Stàitean Aonaichte (SA),
na Stàitean Aonaichte

f.

49
Q

crostachd

f.

A

irritation, annoyance (state of);
irritability, crossness, peevishness

“Irritation (source of); annoying thing” is anadas or frionas, among others.

50
Q

irritation, annoyance (state of);
irritability, crossness, peevishness

A

crostachd

f.

“Irritation (source of); annoying thing” is anadas or frionas, among others.

51
Q

Albais

f.; gen. Albaise

/ALL-ə-pesh/

A

Scots (language)

Important! /ALL-ə-pish/ – has “helping vowel” and /b/ → /p/ shift.

Scots is an offshoot of Old English that developed along with English. It is also (dialectally) known as Lallans, Doric, and Buchan Claik.

52
Q

Scots (language)

Scots is an offshoot of Old English that developed along with English. It is also (dialectally) known as Lallans, Doric, and Buchan Claik.

A

Albais

f.; gen. Albaise

Important! /ALL-ə-pish/ – has the “helping vowel” and /b/ → /p/ shift. These changes apply to all Scotland-related words like Alba (“Scotland”), /ALL-ə-pə/ or /ALL-ə-peh/, but not otherwise; e.g. Albàinis (“Albanian”), /All-BAH-nish/.

53
Q

ionnsachadh

v.: present tense & infinitive
n.: m.; gen. ionnsachaidh

A

to learn

Also “learning” as a noun.

There are various other words for “learn[ing]”, “know[ledge]”, etc., but this long one is very common in the language-learning context.

54
Q

to learn

Also “learning” as a noun.

A

ionnsachadh

v.: present tense & infinitive

n.: m.; gen. ionnsachaidh.
There are various other words for “learn[ing]”, “know[ledge]”, etc., but this long one is very common in the language-learning context.

55
Q

ag ionnsachadh

present tense

With pronouns:
- Tha mi ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.
- Tha i ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.
- Tha e ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.
- A bheil thu ag ionnosachadh Gàidhlig?

A

is/am/are learning

Your first “is/am/are X-ing” verb! Used as Tha [subject] ag [verb].

With-pronouns phrases translate to:
- I am learning Gaelic.
- She is learning Gaelic.
- He is learning Gaelic.
- Are you learning Gaelic?

Gaelic makes heavy use of “is/am/are X-ing” verb structures, for many non-permanent/non-habitual verbs.
The ag in this is literally “at”: “I am at learning Gaelic”; this sort of “at [gerund]” construction actually occurs in some Scottish and Irish English.

56
Q

is/am/are learning

Hint: subject goes in the middle!

Translate with pronouns:
- I am learning Gaelic.
- She is learning Gaelic.
- He is learning Gaelic.
- Are you learning Gaelic?

A

ag ionnsachadh

Your first “is/am/are X-ing” verb! Used as Tha [subject] ag [verb].

With-pronouns phrases translate as:
- Tha mi ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.
- Tha i ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.
- Tha e ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.
- A bheil thu ag ionnosachadh Gàidhlig?

Gaelic makes heavy use of “is/am/are X-ing” verb structures, for many non-permanent/non-habitual verbs.
The ag in this is literally “at”: “I am at learning Gaelic”; this sort of “at [gerund]” construction actually occurs in some Scottish and Irish English.

57
Q

Riaghaltas na h-Alba

/RREE-əl-təs nah HALL-ə-pə/

A

[the] Scottish Government

Usually does not take a leading an (“the”).

In English, it is officially “the Scottish Government” not “the Government of Scotland”. Sometimes also “the Scottish Executive” in some legal matters (same word in Gaelic).

58
Q

[the] Scottish Government

A

Riaghaltas na h-Alba
/RREE-əl-təs nah HALL-ə-pə/

Trilled “r” not mandatory. Usually does not take a leading an (“the”).

In English, it is officially “the Scottish Government” not “the Government of Scotland”. Sometimes also “the Scottish Executive” in some legal matters (same word in Gaelic).

59
Q

riaghaltas

m.; gen. riaghaltais, pl. riaghaltasan

A

government

In a business context, can also mean “executive”.

Mnemonic: The righal- in this indicates “governance, rulership, control”, and is cognate with English “rule”, “regal”, and “royal”.
But Gaelic for “royal, regal” is rìoghail (comp. rìoghaile),

60
Q

government

A

riaghaltas

m.; gen. riaghaltais, pl. riaghaltasan

In a business context, can also mean “executive”.
Mnemonic: The righal- in this indicates “governance, rulership, control”, and is cognate with English “rule”, “regal”, and “royal”.
But Gaelic for “royal, regal” is rìoghail (comp. rìoghaile),

61
Q

sin

pl. iad sin

A

that (adv./pron.,
for something nearby)

pl. “those [nearby]”

“That/those” as adj. (“That/those fact[s] is/are well known”) = sin after the modfied noun (sing. or pl.).
“That” as adv. but with a far-away referent = siud (pl. iad siud).
“That” as conj. (“I know that I’m late”) = gu.
There are dialectal longer ways to say “that/those” (and they start with sin-) but don’t worry about them now.

62
Q

that (adv./pron.,
for something nearby)

pl. “those [nearby]”

A

sin

pl. iad sin

“That/those” as adj. (“That/those fact[s] is/are well known”) = sin after the modfied noun (sing. or pl.).
“That” as adv. but with a far-away referent = siud (pl. iad siud).
“That” as conj. (“I know that I’m late”) = gu.
There are dialectal longer ways to say “that/those” (and they start with sin-) but don’t worry about them now.

63
Q

siud

pl. iad siud

A

that (adv./pron.,
for something distant)

pl. “those [distant]”

“That/those” as adj. (“That/those fact[s] is/are well known”) = sin after the modfied noun (sing. or pl.).
“That” as adv. but with nearby referenent = sin (pl. iad sin).
“That” as conj. (“I know that I’m late”) = gu.
There are dialectal longer ways to say “that/those” (and they start with sin-) but don’t worry about them now.

64
Q

that (adv./pron.,
for something distant)

pl. “those [distant]”

A

siud

pl. iad siud

“That/those” as adj. (“That/those fact[s] is/are well known”) = sin after the modfied noun (sing. or pl.).
“That” as adv. but with nearby referenent = sin (pl. iad sin).
“That” as conj. (“I know that I’m late”) = gu.
There are dialectal longer ways to say “that/those” (and they start with sin-) but don’t worry about them now.

65
Q

Sealainn Nuadh

f.

A

New Zealand

This seems also to double as “New Zealander, New Zealandish”, with pl. n. (“New Zealanders”) forms of Sealan Nuadh or the irregularSeulan Nuadh.

66
Q

New Zealand

A

Sealainn Nuadh

f.

This seems also to double as “New Zealander, New Zealandish”, with pl. n. (“New Zealanders”) forms of Sealan Nuadh or the irregularSeulan Nuadh.

67
Q

ùr

comp. ùire

A

new, fresh

See also nodha.

68
Q

new, fresh

A

ùr

comp. ùire

See also nodha.

69
Q

nodha

comp. same

A

recent, modern;
new, fresh;
unfamililar

The Nuadh in Sealainn Nuadh (“New Zealand”) is generally reserved for place-names.
It may also appear prefixed as nua- with the same meaning as “neo-“ in English (and is cognate with it).
See also ùr.

70
Q

recent, modern;
new, fresh;
unfamililar

A

nodha

comp. same

The Nuadh in Sealainn Nuadh (“New Zealand”) is generally reserved for place-names.
It may also appear prefixed as nua- with the same meaning as “neo-“ in English (and is cognate with it).
See also ùr.

71
Q

sean, seann-

comp. sine

A

old, aged;
ancient, antique

When used as a prefix, with the extra “n”, it causes lenition on the noun unless it starts with “d”, “l”, “n”, “s”, or “t”. Thus Seann-Ghaeilge (“Old Irish” from sean + Gaeilge), but seann-taigh (“old house”). With some initial letters like “r”, the lenition affects only the vowels in the word.

72
Q

old, aged;
ancient, antique

A

sean, seann-

comp. sine

When used as a prefix, with the extra “n”, it causes lenition on the noun unless it starts with “d”, “l”, “n”, “s”, or “t”. Thus Seann-Ghaeilge (“Old Irish” from sean + Gaeilge), but seann-taigh (“old house”). With some initial letters like “r”, the lenition affects only the vowels in the word.

73
Q

bodach

m.; gen. & pl. bodaich

A

old man

Opposite of balach “boy”.

74
Q

old man

A

bodach

m.; gen. & pl. bodaich

Opposite of balach “boy”.

75
Q

cailleach

f.; gen. cailliche, pl. cailleachan.

A

old lady

Opposite of caileag “girl”; pronounce carefully!

76
Q

old lady

A

cailleach

f.; gen. cailliche, pl. cailleachan.

Opposite of caileag “girl”; pronounce carefully!

77
Q

taigh

m.; gen. taighe, pl. taighean

A

house (noun)

Old material may use the obsolete form teach.

78
Q

house (noun)

A

taigh

m.; gen. taighe, pl. taighean

Old material may use the obsolete form teach.

79
Q

dachaigh

f.; gen. dachaighe, pl. dachaighean

A

home (noun)

80
Q

home (noun)

A

dachaigh

f.; gen. dachaighe, pl. dachaighean

81
Q

dhachaigh

adv./prep.

A

home (adv./prep.),
homeward

This is the “home” in “I’m going home”.

82
Q

home (adv./prep.),
homeward

A

dhachaigh

adv./prep.

This is the “home” in “I’m going home”.

Beginning Scottish Gaelic 1-F (1 decks)

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