1. Eye *complete* Flashcards

1
Q

Eye preparations application

A

Leave 5 min gap between eye preparations to prevent drug dilution and the eye overflowing.
Longer intervals will be needed for gels as they are more viscous and willl take longer to be absorbed.
Ointments should be applied last as they take the longest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Eye prepations counselling

A

Transient blurred vision common with eye preparations. More with eye ointements for up to 10-15 minutes. So are applied at bedtime for this reason.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Eye preparations expiry dates

A

Home use - 28 days
Hospital/ward - 1 week
Outpatients/surgery - single application

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Preservatives in eye drops

A

Benzalkonium chloride commonly used. Can cause stinging and irritation especially at first application.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eye drops and contact lenses

A
  • Hard lenses - can still use eye drops whilst wearing the lenses
  • Soft lenses - must remove lenses before using eye drops OR can use preservative-free eye drops as preservatives accumulate in soft lenses
  • Lenses should NEVER be worn when applying eye ointments/oily eye drops.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Drugs and contact lenses considerations

A

Rifampicin and sulfasalazine stain bodily fluids such as tears, this stains contact lenses orange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Allergic conjuctivitis

A

Caused by allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Allergic conjuctivitis treatment

A
  1. Sodium cromoglicate (mast stell stabiliser)
  2. Antazoline, Azelastine (antihistamine)
  3. Xylometazoline, Naphazoline (vasoconstrictors reduce redness)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dry eyes

A

Treated with tear replacement

Hypromellose - applied hourly
Carmellose - applied QDS

Thicker formulations such as carbomer gels are more moisturising and reduce frequency of application

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Chloramphenicol eye drops/ointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Viral conjunctivitis associated with herpes simplex virus

A

Viral conjuctivitis usually caused by cold/flu which is self limiting. However if it is associated with herpes simplex virus can use….

Aciclovir: 5 times daily and until 3 days after healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blepharitis

A

Chloramphenicol can be applied to the lid margins to help.
If pus is present it may be a stapphylococcal infection - fuscidic acid would treat it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Eye inflammation and topical steroids

A

Topical corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation BUT have following side effects:
* glaucoma and cataracts
* increase susceptibility to infections and aggravating existing infections

Can lead to corneal ulcers and red eye if used improperly, when the cause of the eye inflammation is not treated

Corneal ulcers = DANGEROUS, as they can lead to blindness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Corneal ulcers treatment

A

Intensive antibiotic course with ciprofloxacin administered every 15 minutes for the first 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Eye examinations/procedures

A

Cycloplegics/Mydriatics are used to dilate the pupils for eye examinations

  • Antimuscarinics such as atropine
  • Phenylephrine

Phenylephrine interacts with MAOI antidipressants. Should not be used in patients taking this due to risk of hypertensive crisis.

Patients should not drive until visiion is clear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glaucoma

A

Characterised by raised intra-ocular pressure

17
Q

Glaucoma treatment

A

First line:
1. Beta blockers, e.g betaxolol
Contraindicated in asthma

  1. Prostaglandin analogues e.g latanoprost
    Side effects: long lashes, darkens iris colour

Second line
1. Sympathomimetic eye drops, e.g brimonidine

  1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors eye drops, e.g brinzolamide, dorzolamide

-lamide

18
Q

Closed-angle glaucoma

what are the signs

A

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

  • cloudy eye,
  • nausea and vomiting
  • headache
  • intense eye pain
  • blurred hazy vision
  • rainbow-coloured rings around lights
  • sight loss