[1] Embryology and Developmental Anomalies of the Digestive Tract

Question 1

Future Site of the Anus

Answer 1

Cloacal Membrane

Question 2

Future Site of the Mouth

Answer 2

Buccopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal Membrane

Question 3

Derivatives of Paraxial Mesoderm

Answer 3

1. Somites
2. Axial Skeleton
3. Skeletal Muscle

Question 4

Derivatives of Intermediate Mesoderm

Answer 4

Genitourinary System

Question 5

Derivatives of Lateral Plate Mesoderm

Answer 5

Intraembryonic Coelom

Question 6

What gives rise to the primitive gut?

Answer 6

Roof of the Secondary Yolk Sac

Question 7

Location of Dorsal Mesentery

Answer 7

Foregut
Midgut
Major Part of the Hindgut

Question 8

Location of Ventral Mesentery

Answer 8

Terminal Part of Esophagus
Stomach
Upper Part of Duodenum

Question 9

Ventral Mesentery leaves behind these 2 derivatives

Answer 9

Lesser Omentum

Falciform Ligament

Question 10

[Blood Supply]

Foregut

Answer 10

Celiac Trunk

Question 11

[Blood Supply]

Midgut

Answer 11

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Question 12

[Blood Supply]

Hindgut

Answer 12

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Question 13

Foregut Derivatives

Answer 13

Pharynx and its derivatives (Oral Cavity, Tongue, Tonsils)
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum proximal to Bile Duct
Respiratory System
Liver and Biliary Apparatus
Pancreas

Question 14

Midgut Derivatives

Answer 14

Small intestine including Most of Duodenum
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending Colon
2/3rds of the Transverse Colon

Question 15

Hindgut Derivatives

Answer 15

Left third of the transverse colon to the Cloacal Membrane

Question 16

In the development of the stomach, the greater and lesser curvature of the stomach results from?

Answer 16

Faster dorsal growth as compared to ventral growth

Question 17

Describe the Rotation of the Stomach

Answer 17

90 degree clockwise rotation of the stomach on a longitudinal axis

Rotation in an Anteroposterior Axis to lower the cephalic end of the stomach and raise the caudal end

Question 18

Origin of the Spleen

Answer 18

Mesodermal Proliferation in the Dorsal Mesogastrium

Question 19

Origin of the Duodenum

Answer 19

Terminal part of the Foregut

Cephalic part of the Midgut

Question 20

Why is the Duodenum a retroperitoneal organ?

Answer 20

During rotation, it would connect to the ventral body wall and lose its mesentery

Question 21

This mesodermal tissue separates the heart from the liver

Answer 21

Septum Transversum

Question 22

Origin of the Dorsal Pancreatic Bud

Answer 22

Dorsal Mesentery

Question 23

Origin of the Ventral Pancreatic Bud

Answer 23

Near the Bile Duct

Question 24

Main Pancreatic Duct

Answer 24

Wirsung

Question 25

Describe the Physiologic Umbilical Hernia

Answer 25

Abdominal organs are growing too fast causing the Intestinal Loops to go inside the Secondary Yolk Sac undergoing a 90 degree counterclockwise rotation

Question 26

Total Amount of Rotation Undergone by the Intestines

Answer 26

270 degrees counterclockwise

Question 27

Cause of Meckel’s Diverticulum

Answer 27

Failure of vitelline vein to degenerate

Question 28

Origin of the Ganglia in GIT

Answer 28

Neural Crest Cells

Question 29

Cause of Hirschprung’s Disease

Answer 29

Defective migration of the neural crest cells into the hindgut