1. Elements and the Periodic Table Flashcards
Atoms
- Protons, neutrons (nucleus), electrons
- Atomic number, Mass number
- Nucleus
- Isotopes
Isotopes
Members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Atomic number
The number of protons in a nucleus of an element. Also the order of the element on the periodic table. Lowest to highest.
Bohr’s model
Ion Formation
Periodic Table
Subshells
PRACTICE: write electron configurations to the following atoms: Hydrogen, Helium, Carbon, Fluorine, Sodium, Potassium, Gallium and Bromine.
Check your answers:
H - 1s1
He - 1s2
C - 1s2 2s2 2p2
Fl - 1s2 2s2 2p5
Na - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
K - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
Ga - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p1
Br - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p5
Electron Configuration
Because chemists are lazy….. (electron config)
Ca = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
Becomes………
Ca = [Ar] 4s2
Electron configuration: with ions
Chloride Ion (Cl⎺)
Cl = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
Cl⎺= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
↑ Gains 1 ↑
OR
Calcium Ion (Ca2+)
Ca = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
Ca2+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
↑ Loses 2 ↑
Copper and Chromium are special ✨ (electron configuration)
Cr (expected) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2
Cr (actual) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
Cu (expected) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s2
Cu (actual) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1
PRACTICE: Write the electron confugurations to the following ions: F-, K+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Zn2+
Check your answers:
F - 1s2 2s2 2p5
K - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
Mg - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Co - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2
Zn - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2
Becomes………
F⎺ - 1s2 2s2 2p6
K+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Mg2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6
Co2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
Zn2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2
PRACTICE: What is the name, group and period of the atoms with the following electron configuration?
1s2 2s1
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
1s2 2p2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
1s2 2p2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
1s2 2p2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6
Check your answers:
Li
Na
Ar
K
Mn
Kr
