1. Earth Reservoirs & Structure

Question 1

Differentiation

Answer 1

the action or process of developing so as to form a system of distinct components

Question 2

3 Processes of Differentiation

Answer 2

Degassing
Immiscibility
Crystallization

Question 3

3 of Earth’s Reservoir

Answer 3

Atmosphere
Oceans
Solid Earth

Question 4

Largest reservoir

Answer 4

Solid earth

Question 5

In the 1970’s, _____drilled just over _____into the continental crust, the deepest man-made drill hole in existence

Answer 5

Russia
12 km

Question 6

Seismic Waves

Answer 6

Are generated by earthquakes (which are mainly caused by movements along faults)

Question 7

There are four types of seismic wave:

Answer 7

• P waves
• S waves
• Love waves
• Rayleigh waves

Question 8

Body waves

Answer 8

-P waves
- S waves

Question 9

Surface waves

Answer 9

• P waves
• S waves

Question 10

Primary (P) waves

Answer 10

• Longitudinal (compression) waves
• Fastest of the seismic waves >6.0 km/s
• Can travel through solids and liquids

Question 11

Secondary (S) waves

Answer 11

• Shear (also called transverse) waves
• Travel slower than P-waves
• Can only travel through solids

Question 12

Seismometers are used to…

Answer 12

record the arrival of these waves at different points around the globe

Question 13

Refraction

Answer 13

if you change speed, you change direction

Question 14

The size of the ________ helps us predict the size of the core

Answer 14

shadow zone of s waves

Question 15

As you increase in depth (towards the earth’s core), you…

Answer 15

increase in pressure

Question 16

This compression of the material with depth does two things…

Answer 16

1) Increases the stiffness of the material
2) Increases the density of the material

Question 17

Lithosphere

Answer 17

consists of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle that form the tectonic plates (35 km)

Question 18

Asthenosphere

Answer 18

A highly viscous region of the upper mantle on which the tectonic plates move

Question 19

Crust

Answer 19

-35km

Question 20

Mantle

Answer 20

-2900 km

Question 21

Outer core

Answer 21

-5100 km

Question 22

Inner core

Answer 22

-6370 km

Question 23

Seismic waves get slower in the ______

Answer 23

asthenosphere