1 - Early settlement and agricultural practice

Question 1

Fundamental aspect of any human culture

Answer 1

The capacity to manipulate the environment (within its limits)

Question 2

Human settlement factors

Answer 2

Ritual/religion
The rise of agriculture and domestication of animals
Social/cultural changes
Physical constraints and opportunities

Question 3

The role of religion and ceremony in human settlement

Answer 3

Early settlements may have arisen adjacent to ritual sites - causing nomadic groups to return frequently

Aging - nomadic lifestyle meant that healthy elders were left to take care of ritual sites

Question 4

Associated with the inception of agriculture

Answer 4

Perception of cultural risk
The balance between the risk of hunting and cultivation changes

Question 5

Consequences of early agricultural practice on settlement

Answer 5

Collection and storage of surplus labour and food
Stimulus for trade and exchange
Division of labour among specialised occupations
Larger population densities became possible, centralising eventually into nation states

Question 5

Physical factors in early human settlements - Ice Ages

Answer 5

Glaciers formed, sealing parts of Asia and Europe
Post ice-age, creation of river valleys (Indus, Yangtze, Nile) with increasingly fertile land

Question 5

Causes of the decrease in the viability of a hunter-gather lifestyle

Answer 5

Population or environmental changes