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4. Pharm III > 1- Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

1- Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

With drug tolerance is the dose/response curve shifted to the left or right?

A

RIGHT (more drug is required to produce effect)

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2
Q

With sensitization is the dose/response curve shifted to the left or right?

A

LEFT (increased responsiveness after repeated use, need less drug to produce effect)

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3
Q

If a drug is taken to alleviate a craving/dysphoria this is considered what?

A

Addiction

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4
Q

Addiction is typically psychological in nature. If a physiological dependence is present does this mean it is addiction?

A

No

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5
Q

Addiction typically develops to drug w/ short or long duration of action?

A

Short/rapid onset. The shorter the duration, the more often you need to reinforce the effect

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6
Q

Drugs that stimulate what pathway have an increased potential for addiction?

A

Mesolimbic DA pathway

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7
Q

What is the MOA of CNS stimulants?

A

Reverse DA transport through the DAT → increased release of DA

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8
Q

What drug class is adderall, ritalin, and methamphetamine?

A

CNS stimulants (amphetamines)

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9
Q

What is the use of CNS stimulants?

A

Narcolepsy, ADHD

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10
Q

What CNS effects do CNS stimulants have?

A

Alertness, euphoria, excitement, appetite suppression, aggression, paranoia, delusions

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11
Q

What peripheral effects do CNS stimulants have?

A

Increased BP, cardio toxic → pulmonary edema & HF

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12
Q

What are the SEs of meth?

A

weight loss, dental problems, formication, stroke, MI, organ damage, +/- amphetamine psychosis

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13
Q

PTs that use meth will have rapid physical and psychological dependence. Why are withdrawal sx so severe and long lasting?

A

Significant loss of DA transporters

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14
Q

What is the MOA of cocaine?

A

Inhibits DA reuptake

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15
Q

Does cocaine results in a physical and psychological dependence?

A

Yes (dysphoria and craving when drug levels drop, withdrawal can be severe)

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16
Q

What CNS effects does cocaine have?

A

Alertness, euphoria, anxiety, hyperactivity

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17
Q

What peripheral effects does cocaine have?

A

tachycardia, vasoconstriction, HTN, bronchodilation, hyperpyrexia

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18
Q

What is the medical use for cocaine?

A

Local anesthetic

Vasoconstrictor

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19
Q

Will intranasal or inhaled cocaine have a more rapid onset?

A

Inhaled (very fast onset)

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20
Q

What results from chronic cocaine use?

A

Reduction in overall brain activity

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21
Q

Cocaine OD will result in what sx?

A

V. tachycardia/fibrillation, stroke, seizures

22
Q

What is the pharmacological tx used to help stop cocaine use?

A

Bromocriptine - decreases craving for cocaine

23
Q

What is the MOA of nicotine?

A

Activates nicotinic receptors in the CNS and periphery, increased 5-HT and DA release

24
Q

Does nicotine cause psychological and physical dependence?

A

Yes (very intense)

25
Q

What is the half life for nicotine?

A

30 minutes (promotes reinforcement → addiction)

26
Q

Nicotine is metabolized by CYP450s and induces what?

A

CYP450s

27
Q

What is used to help pt stop using nicotine?

A

Nicotine replacement therapy
Bupropion
Chantix
CBT

28
Q

What is the MOA for MDMD/Ecstasy?

A

Increased 5-HT activity by blocking reuptake and stimulating 5-HT receptors

29
Q

What are the CNS effects of nicotine?

A

mild euphoria, increased arousal, appetite suppression

30
Q

What are the psychological effects of MDMA?

A

Produces feelings of peacefulness, empathy, trust

31
Q

What are the physiological effects of MDMA?

A

Increased BP and HR

Hyperthermia, dehydration, kidney failure

32
Q

What does pts feel depressed, paranoid, anxious, or confusion after a weekend of taking MDMA?

A

Body has down regulated production of 5-HT

33
Q

What is the MOA for marijuana?

A

Stimulates presynaptic CB1 receptors to inhibit transmitter (ACh) release

34
Q

Why is the half life of marijuana so long?

A

Very lipophilic

35
Q

What are the effects of marijuana?

A

Mild euphoria, altered sense of time, difficulty concentrating, tranquility

36
Q

Do pts that use marijuana have a physical and psychological dependance?

A

No physical dependence. Psychological dependence possible

37
Q

What are the SEs of marijuana use?

A

Amotivational syndrome, cannabinoid hyperemesis, decreased ovulation/T/sperm production, decreased memory, impaired cognitive function

38
Q

What are the effects synthetic cannabinoid agents?

A

Psychoactive effects - paranoia, hallucinations, mood swings, increased HR and BP

39
Q

LSD, mescaline, & psilocybin act on what receptors?

A

Acts on 5-HT receptors in the brain

40
Q

Synesthesis (colors can be heard, sounds may be seen) is associated w/ use of what drug?

A

LSD

41
Q

Does LSD cause dependence? Why or why not?

A

No. Does not stimulate DA pathway

42
Q

What are the effects of LSD?

A

Euphoria, visual hallucinations, DILATED pupils, increased BP, HR, flushing

43
Q

What is the MOA for PCP and Ketamine?

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

44
Q

What is the MOA for GHB?

A

GABA receptor weak agonist

45
Q

What is the use of PCP, Ketamine, GHB?

A

General dissociative anesthetic

46
Q

PCP can cause what SE. How is it treated?

A

Produces psychosis. TX w/ Haloperidol in ER

47
Q

Ketamine and GHB are aka what?

A

Date rape drugs

48
Q

What are the SE of PCP, Ketamine, GHB?

A

Increased BP, amnesia, personality changes, NON-REACTIVE pupils

49
Q

What is the MOA for inhalants?

A

Unknown

50
Q

What is the effect of huffing inhalants?

A

Euphoria

51
Q

What are the SEs of inhalants?

A

Toxicity to many organs, lesions in brain’s white matter

4. Pharm III (16 decks)

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