1 - Drugs Acting on CNS

Question 1

GABA is what type of neurotransmitter?

Answer 1

Inhibitory neurotransmitter that’s also an amino acid

Question 2

GABA Receptors (2)

Answer 2

GABA-A (ionotropic, fast response)

GABA-B (metabotropic, GPCR/2nd messengers, slow response)

Question 3

Glycine is what type of neurotransmitter is seen where (2) ?

Answer 3

Inhibitory neurotransmitter with limited distribution

Local interneurons in the spinal cord and brain stem

Question 4

Glutamate is what type of neurotransmitter with what type of receptors?

Answer 4

Excitatory neurotransmitter with ionotropic and metabotropic receptors

Question 5

Glutamate Ionotropic Receptors: KA (Kainate) Locations (3) and MOA (1)

Answer 5

Hippocampus, Cerebellum, Spinal Cord

Mediate fast depolarization

Question 6

Glutamate Ionotropic Receptors: AMPA Location (1) and MOA (1)

Answer 6

Present on all neurons

Mediate fast depolarization

Question 7

Glutamate Ionotropic Receptors: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Location (1), MOA (1) and is permeable to what? (1)

Answer 7

Present on all neurons in the CNS

Long Term Potentiation (long term memory)

Permeable to Ca2+, so there’s Ca2+ influx

Question 8

Glutamate Metabotropic Receptors (3)

Answer 8

I, II, and III

Question 9

Acetylcholine: Cells, Locations, and Receptors

Answer 9

Renshaw cells in spinal cord

Neurons in the neostriatum, medial septal nucleus, reticular formation

M1 (excite), M2 (inhibition), and Nm (excite)

Question 10

Dopamine: Type of Neurotransmitter Location, Predominance, and Receptors

Answer 10

Inhibitory neurotransmitter, slow because it’s metabotropic

Substantia nigra –> neostriatum

Ventral Tegmental Region –> limbic cortex

D1 - D5

Question 11

Norepinephrine: Type of Neurotransmitter (1) Locations (4) and Function (2)

Answer 11

Excitatory transmitter

Hypothalamus

Limbic System

Reticular Formation

Function: Attention and arousal

Question 12

Norepinephrine: Alpha-1, Beta MOA

Answer 12

Enhances excitatory inputs by both indirect (inhibition of inhibitory neurons) and direct mechanisms (blocking K+ conductance)

Question 13

Norepinephrine: Alpha-2 is?

Answer 13

Inhibitory

Question 14

5HT: Locations

Answer 14

Neurons in the raphe or midline regions of the pons and upper brain stem

Question 15

5HT: Receptors, which are inhibitory and which are excitatory

Answer 15

5HT1, 5HT2, 5HT3, 5HT4

5HT1, 2, and 4 are INHIBITORY

5HT3 is EXCITATORY/ionotropic –> directly coupled to an ion channel, so no second messanger

Question 16

What are the peptides/co-transmitters (4)

Answer 16

Enkephalins

Endorphins

Neurotensin

Substance P

Question 17

Actions of Drugs in the CNS (3)

Answer 17

CNS Stimulants

CNS Depressants

Drugs that selectively modify CNS function

Question 18

CNS Stimulants: ADHD Drugs (4)

Answer 18

Amphetamine

Dextroamphetamine

Methamphetamine

Methylphenidate

Question 19

CNS Stimulants: Narcolepsy/Shift Work Sleep Disroder (SWSD) Drugs (1)

Answer 19

Modafinil

Question 20

CNS Stimulants: Local Anesthetic (1)

Answer 20

Cocaine