1. Drug action, nursing process, medication safety

Question 1

Pharmacokinetic Phase

Answer 1

The process of drug movement to achieve an action in the body.

1. absorption: the movement of particles from the GI tract into body fluids
2. distribution: process of drug becoming available to the fluid and tissues
3. metabolism: process in the liver to inactivate OR activate drug
4. excretion: elimination of drug primarily through the kidneys

Question 2

Nursing Process

Answer 2

1. Assessment: the collection of data from the patient; both subjective and objective
2. Diagnosis: formed using data obtained
3. Planning: process of goal setting for expected outcomes
4. Evaluation attainment of goals through teaching

Question 3

Pharmacodynamic Phase

Answer 3

The study of concentration and effects of drugs on the body

Question 4

Pharmaceutic Phase

Answer 4

When a drug becomes a solution in the body so that it can cross the biologic membrane

1. Disintegration: drug breaks into smaller particles
2. Dissolution: drug dissolves into even smaller particles in GI fluid before absorption

Question 5

Nurses’ Six Rights

Answer 5

1. Right to a complete and clear order
2. Right to have the correct drug, route (form), and dose dispensed
3. Right to access to information
4. Right to policies to guide safe medication administration
5. Right to administer medications safely and to identify system problems
6. Right to stop, think, and be vigilant when administering medications

Question 6

Five (plus one) Rights of Drug Administration

Answer 6

1. Right patient
2. Right drug
3. Right dose
4. Right route
5. Right time
6. Right documentation

Question 7

Five Additional Rights of Drug Administration

Answer 7

1. Right documentation
2. Right assessment (data prior to administration of drug)
3. Patients’ right to education
4. Right evaluation
5. Right for patient to refuse drug

Question 8

Components of a drug order

Answer 8

1. Date and time order written
2. Drug name
3. Drug dosage
4. Route of administration
5. Frequency and duration of administration
6. Special instruction for withholding or adjusting dosage based on assessment, drug efficacy, or lab results
7. Physician signature

Question 9

Drug routes

Answer 9

1. Oral
2. Sublingual
3. Buccal
4. Inhalation
5. Instillation (nose, eye, ear)
6. Suppository
7. Parenteral

Question 10

Factors that modify a drug response

Answer 10

1. Absorption
   i. e. GI disturbances; vomiting disrupt
2. Distribution
   i. e. protein binding factors, lipid vs. water solubility, etc.
3. Metabolism
   i. e. changes in liver/kidney function
4. Excretion
   i. e changes in kidney function
5. Age
6. Body weight
7. Toxicity
8. Pharmacogenetics
9. Route of administration
10. Tolerance
11. Cumulative effect
12. Drug-drug interaction
13. Drug-food interaction

Question 11

Categories of drug ACTION

Answer 11

1. Stimulation or Depression of cell activity
2. Replacement
3. Inhibition or death of organisms interfering with bacterial cell growth
4. Irritation as mechanism to increase or decrease cell activity

Question 12

Therapeutic index

Answer 12

Estimate of the margin of safety a drug will have. Ratio of effective dose to lethal dose. The closer to 1, the greater the danger.

Question 13

Low therapeutic index

Answer 13

Narrow margin of safety of drug

Question 14

High therapeutic index

Answer 14

Wide margin of safety of drug