1. Discovery of genetic material Flashcards
What does Mendelian Inheritance say?
Mendel deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited in distinct units, one from each parent
What does the law of segregation state?
1) Each individual has two factors for each trait
2) The factors segregate (separate) during the formation of gametes
3) Each gamete contains only one factor from each pair of factors
4) Fertilization gives new individual two factors for each trait
Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair. Parental genes are randomly separated to the sex cells so that sex cells contain only one gene of the pair. Offspring therefore inherit one genetic allele from each parent when sex cells unite in fertilization.
What does the law of independent assortment state?
alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.
What are the expected properties of genetic material?
1) Genetic Material must encode information
2) That information must be used direct the functioning of an organism
3) The information must be transmissible from generation to generation
4) There must be the potential for mutation that can result in the physical variation that exists between species (essential for variation)
Where are factors
In the nucleus
What does the nucleus contain
DNA
Where are the factors located in the nucleus
Factors are on chromosomes in the nucleus
What are the roles of factors/genes?
determine traits
What did Gregor Mendel Discover in 1865?
He learned through breeding experiments that traits are inherited through specific law
What did Ernst Haeckel say in 1866?
proposed that the nucleus contains the factors responsible for transmission of hereditary traits
Describe Mendel’s experiment?
He identified pure-breeding pea plants that consistently showed 1 form of a trait after generations of self-pollination. … Mendel then crossed these pure-breeding lines of plants and recorded the traits of the hybrid progeny. He found that all of the first-generation (F1) hybrids looked like 1 of the parent plants. In the F2 generation he found that the ratio for dominant to recessive was 3:1
What was every gene responsible for?
One gene is responsible for the production of one enzyme
What did Thomas Hunt Morgan do with fruit flies?
helped identify the role chromosomes play in heredity. He crossed a white eyed mutant male and a red eye wild type female. Their offspring were red eye. A second generation cross produced white eye males- a sex linked recessive trait.
