1. Diet Flashcards
Value of combustion of protein
17 KJ/g (4kcal/g)
Value of combustion of carbohydrates
17 KJ/g
Value of combustion of alcohol
29 KJ/g (7kcal/g)
Value of combustion of fats
37 KJ/g (9kcal/g)
Essential amino acids (the body cannot synthesise these, so required in the diet) are?
TV TILL PM
- Tryptophan
- Valine
- Threonine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Phenylalanine
- Methionine
- Histidine in children
What is Kwashiorkor & Marasmus disease?
Disease as a result of severe protein deficiency. Bloating. Lack of essential amino acid(s).
Symptoms of Kwashiorkor & Marasmus disease?
Depression Stunted growth Weight loss Oedema Hair and skin issues
Why do we display a protein deficit after a physical injury e.g bone fracture?
Increased adrenocortical hormone secretion, increases nitrogen secretion
Fat-soluble vitamins
ADEK
Fat deficiency in humans is…
Uncommon - may occur after intestinal surgery as a result of malabsorption
Fat deficiency in lower animals leads to…
Scaling and exudative skin
What is linoleic acid essential for?
Prostaglandin formation
Explain the importance of carbohydrates with respect to protein
Needed to prevent ketoacidosis and also to spare protein from being metabolised which can effect cellular function
Which “Western” diseases are attributed to a lack of dietary fibre?
Colonic carcinoma Intestinal malfunction
What sources insoluble fibre and what is it’s purpose?
Undigested cell walls (seeds) Stimulates peristalsis and pyloric wall distension
What sources soluble fibre and what is it’s purpose?
Viscous - from fruit, veg and pulses Lowers blood cholesterol and protects against CVD
What is the energy requirement of a sedentary lifestyle (lifestyle involving little or no physical activity)?
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) x 1.4
Non-essential amino acids
All the ones given that are not essential.
What does the nutritional value of a protein depend on?
The content of essential amino acids
Examples of nutritionally complete proteins vs nutritionally partial proteins?
Most animal protein is nutritionally complete but plant proteins are nutritionally partial as they are deficient in essential amino acids.
