1. diagnosis and classification

Question 1

classification of schizophrenia

Answer 1

sever mental disorder with disruption of mental cognition and emotion
affects language, thought, perception, emotion, sense if self
believe things that can’t be true (delusions)/ hears voices/ sees visions when there’s no stimuli to create them (hallucinations)

Question 2

how is schizophrenia diagnosed

Answer 2

DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual)
or ICD (international Classification of Disease)
DSM= experience at least 1 positive symptom
ICD= 2 or more negative symptoms and has subtypes of schizophrenia

Question 3

positive symptoms

Answer 3

excess or distortion of normal functions:
hallucinations, delusions, disorganised speech, grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour

Question 4

hallucinations
positive symptoms

Answer 4

unreal perceptions of the environment
normally auditory
can be visual, olfactory, tactile
voices or several telling them to do something

Question 5

delusions
positive symptoms

Answer 5

beliefs that aren’t true
paranoia
inflated beliefs of power and importance

Question 6

disorganised speech
positive symptoms

Answer 6

due to abnormal thought processes like organising thoughts
slip from one topic to another (derailment), mid sentence, or incoherent (‘word salad’)

Question 7

grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
positive symptoms

Answer 7

inability or motivation to initiate/ complete a task makes daily life hard
decrease in personal hygiene
dress/ act unusual eg heavy clothes on a hot day
catatonic behaviour= reduced reaction to immediate environment, rigid posture, aimless motor activity

Question 8

negative symptoms

Answer 8

reduction or loss of normal functions, persist in periods of low positive symptoms
1 in 3 patients suffer from significant negative symptoms:
speech poverty (alogioa), avolition, affective flattening, anhedonia

Question 9

speech poverty (alogia)
negative symptoms

Answer 9

less fluency and productivity due to slow or blocked thoughts
fewer words in a time task
less complex syntax
associated with long illness

Question 10

avolition
negative symptoms

Answer 10

reduced interest and desires
no goal oriented behavior
poor social function or disinterest

Question 11

affective flattening
negative symptoms

Answer 11

reduced range and intensity of emotional expression
fewer body and facial movement
less co-verbal behavior
less prosody (rhythm) in speech

Question 12

anhedonia
negative symptoms

Answer 12

loss of interest in activities
inability for physical pleasure
social anhedonia= no pleasure from inter-personal situations

Question 13

DSM V diagnosis of schizophrenia criteria

Answer 13

criteria A: 2 or more of (or 1 if delusions are bizarre of 2 or more voices)
criteria B: social/ occupational dysfunction= significant time period inter-personal areas are below previous levels
criteria C: continuous signs of disturbances at least 6 months, 1 month of symptoms in criteria A
non-active periods= negative symptoms or 2+ symptoms in criteria A