1. diagnosis and classification Flashcards
classification of schizophrenia
sever mental disorder with disruption of mental cognition and emotion
affects language, thought, perception, emotion, sense if self
believe things that can’t be true (delusions)/ hears voices/ sees visions when there’s no stimuli to create them (hallucinations)
how is schizophrenia diagnosed
DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual)
or ICD (international Classification of Disease)
DSM= experience at least 1 positive symptom
ICD= 2 or more negative symptoms and has subtypes of schizophrenia
positive symptoms
excess or distortion of normal functions:
hallucinations, delusions, disorganised speech, grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
hallucinations
positive symptoms
unreal perceptions of the environment
normally auditory
can be visual, olfactory, tactile
voices or several telling them to do something
delusions
positive symptoms
beliefs that aren’t true
paranoia
inflated beliefs of power and importance
disorganised speech
positive symptoms
due to abnormal thought processes like organising thoughts
slip from one topic to another (derailment), mid sentence, or incoherent (‘word salad’)
grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
positive symptoms
inability or motivation to initiate/ complete a task makes daily life hard
decrease in personal hygiene
dress/ act unusual eg heavy clothes on a hot day
catatonic behaviour= reduced reaction to immediate environment, rigid posture, aimless motor activity
negative symptoms
reduction or loss of normal functions, persist in periods of low positive symptoms
1 in 3 patients suffer from significant negative symptoms:
speech poverty (alogioa), avolition, affective flattening, anhedonia
speech poverty (alogia)
negative symptoms
less fluency and productivity due to slow or blocked thoughts
fewer words in a time task
less complex syntax
associated with long illness
avolition
negative symptoms
reduced interest and desires
no goal oriented behavior
poor social function or disinterest
affective flattening
negative symptoms
reduced range and intensity of emotional expression
fewer body and facial movement
less co-verbal behavior
less prosody (rhythm) in speech
anhedonia
negative symptoms
loss of interest in activities
inability for physical pleasure
social anhedonia= no pleasure from inter-personal situations
DSM V diagnosis of schizophrenia criteria
criteria A: 2 or more of (or 1 if delusions are bizarre of 2 or more voices)
criteria B: social/ occupational dysfunction= significant time period inter-personal areas are below previous levels
criteria C: continuous signs of disturbances at least 6 months, 1 month of symptoms in criteria A
non-active periods= negative symptoms or 2+ symptoms in criteria A
