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6. REPRODUCTIVE > 1. Congenital > Flashcards

1. Congenital Flashcards

1
Q

The uterus in a neonate

A

cervix often larger than the fundus.

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2
Q

The uterus in prepuberty

A

tube-like, with the cervix and uterus the same size.

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3
Q

The uterus in puberty

A

(pear-like) - with the fundus larger than the cervix

visible endometrium

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4
Q

Turner syndrome

A

45 XO + CoA + Horseshoe Kidney +

+ Prepuberty uterus (cervix = uterus) + Streaky Ovaries

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5
Q

The mullerian ducts make up these parts

A

Uterus + Upper 2/3 of the vagina

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6
Q

What grows up to meet the mullerian duct and make the bottom 1/3 of the vagina?

A

Urogenital sinus

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7
Q

This ducts regress completely in girls

A

Wolffian

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8
Q

Mullerian ducts

A

Uterus
Fallopian Tubes
Upper 2/3 of the vagina

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9
Q

Wolffian Ducts

A

Vas Deferens
Seminal Vesicles
Epididymis

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10
Q

Urogenital sinus

A

Prostate
Bottom 1/3 of the vagina

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11
Q

3 ways the whole process of embryology gets screwed up

A
  1. Failure to form
  2. Fail to fuse
  3. Fail to cleave
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12
Q

Explain the concept of embryology?

A
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13
Q

Failure to form conditions:

A
  1. Mullerian agenesis
  2. Unicornuate Uterus
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14
Q

Failure to Fuse

A

Uteru Didelphys
Bicronuate uterus
T-shaped uterus

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15
Q

Failure to cleave conditions

A

Septate
Arcuate Uterus

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16
Q

Mullerian Agenesis ahs three features:

A
  1. Vaginal atresia
  2. Absent or rudimentary uterus (unicornuate or bicronuate
  3. Normal ovaries

Kidneys have isssues in 50% of cases

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17
Q

Cornus =
Collis =

A

Cornus = uterus
Collis = cervical

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18
Q

Mullerian agenesis AKA

A

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome

19
Q

4 variants of Unicronuate uterus

A
20
Q

Most common unicronate uterus subtype

A

ISolated unicronuate

21
Q

If you see a unicomuate utems the classic teaching is to

A

Look for a rudimentary horn

Rudimentary horns have endometrium - phantom female belly pain = risk of miscarriege

22
Q

Risk of non-communicating unicornuate subtype?

A

Rudimentary horn rupture (life threatening bleeding

23
Q

Most common abdnormality in unicronute uterus

A

Ipsilateral renal agenesis contralateral to main uterin horn (Ipsilateral to rudimentary horn)

24
Q

This is a complete uterine duplication (two cervices, two uteri, and two upper 1/3 vagina).

A

Uterus Didelphys

25
Q

Bicornuate comes in 2 flavors”

A

Unicollis - 1 cervix
Bicollis - 2 cervix

26
Q

what separates the uterus in bicornuate?

A

Myometrial cleft

27
Q

The Diethylstilbestrol related anoaly

A

T-shaped

DES was a synthetic estrogen given to prevent miscarriage in the 1940s.

28
Q

This one has two endometrial canals separated by a fibrous (or muscular) septum.

A

Septate

29
Q

This is the most common Mullerian duct anomaly associated with miscarriage.

A

Septate

This is improved with resection of the septum.

30
Q

Mild smooth concavity of the uterine fundus (instead of normal straight or convex)

A

Arcuate Uterus

31
Q
A

Arcuate Uterus

“NORMAL VARIANT”

32
Q

NOT associated with infertility or obstetric complications.

A

Arcuate Uterus

33
Q
  • “Heart Shaped” - Fundal contour is less than 5 mm above the tubal ostia
  • No significant infertility issues
  • Resection of the “septum” results in poor outcomes
A

Bicornuate

34
Q
  • Fundal contour is Normal; more than
    5 mm above the tubal ostia
  • Legit infertility issues - implantation fails on the septum (it’s a blood supply thing)
  • Resection of the septum can help
A

Septate

35
Q
A

T shaped uterus

36
Q

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) indications

A
  1. VIsualized noraml uterine cavity
  2. Make sure tubes are patent
37
Q

Evaluation of uterine bleeding should be done with

A

Ultrasound

MRI

38
Q

When shoud Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) be done?

A

Proliferative phase (D7-12) - endometrium is the thinnest (pregnancy least likley)

39
Q

Contraindication of Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. ACtive Pelvic Infection
  3. Active bleeding
  4. Contrast Allergy
40
Q

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

Irregular filling defect = Most common cause?

A

Synechia/Scarring/Intrauterine adhesion

trauma from prior curretage
Infection

41
Q

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

Scars/adhesions + clinical infertility =

A

Asherman’s syndrome

42
Q

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

Round/Oval Filling defects

A

Endometrial polyps of Fibroids

43
Q

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

Tubal Occlusions

A

Infection/PID

A. Abrupt Cut off
B. Dilated tube

6. REPRODUCTIVE (17 decks)

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