1. Coding, Capacity And Duration

Question 1

What is duration

Answer 1

The length of ice information can be held in a memory store

Question 2

What is the duration of STM

Answer 2

18 - 30 seconds

Question 3

What is the duration of LTM

Answer 3

Potentially a lifetime

Question 4

What was Peterson and Peterson procedure, (research into STM)

Answer 4

• Participants were given three letters to remember (e.g. YCG)

• To prevent the participants from rehearsing their letters, they had to do another task; Participants were asked to count backwards from a three-digit number until they were told to stop.

• Participants then had to recall their 3 letters.

Question 5

What were the findings of Peterson and Petersons study

Answer 5

The longer the participants had to wait before recalling their letters, the worse their recall was.

This shows that the duration of STM is very limited.

They concluded that the duration of STM was approximately 18 seconds.

Question 6

What was Bahrick eat als procedure, (LTM)

Answer 6

Participants looked through their high school yearbook and completed two tasks.

• Task 1: They had to state whether they recognized the faces of people in the photos.

• Task 2: They had to freely recall the names of the people in the yearbook.

Question 7

What were the findings from Bahrick et als study

Answer 7

On a whole, the participants were able to successfully recognize the images of their classmates and freely recall their classmates’ names, even decades after they had graduated.
This shows that the duration of LTM is incredibly long (potentially unlimited).

Question 8

What is capacity

Answer 8

Refers to how much information can be held in a memory store

Question 9

What is the capacity of STM

Answer 9

Between 5-9 items

Question 10

What is the capacity of LTM

Answer 10

Potentially unlimited

Question 11

What did miller observe

Answer 11

That many things come in 7s, e.g. week

Question 12

How did jacobs develop a way to test digit span

Answer 12

• He would present participants with a list of 4 numbers.

• If the participant recalled the numbers in the correct order, then they were presented with a list of 5 numbers and so on.

Question 13

What is coding

Answer 13

The way that a memory is encoded describes the format that information is stored in

Question 14

What is acoustic coding

Answer 14

• as a sound
• mainly STM

Question 15

What is semantic coding

Answer 15

• Through its meaning
• Mainly LTM

Question 16

What did baddely study

Answer 16

Presented participants with four word lists

Question 17

How did he test STM

Answer 17

Participants were then given the list of words in the wrong order.

Their task was to rearrange them into the correct order, immediately after hearing the list

Question 18

What were the findings of investigating STM

Answer 18

Participants in group 1: acoustically similar
• Only recalled 10% of the list accurately.
• The other groups recalled their lists with 60-80% accuracy.

This suggests that participants in group 1 confused the acoustically similar words because STM relies on acoustic processing/ coding.

Question 19

How did he test LTM

Answer 19

The participants did the same task.

But this time there was a 20-minute interval in between hearing the words and having to recall the words.

Question 20

What were the findings from his study

Answer 20

Participants in group 3: semantically similar
• Performed the worse on the recall task.

This suggests that participants in group 3 confused the semantically similar words because LTM relies on semantic processing/ coding.