Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK Week 4 2017/18 > 1: Clinical anatomy - lower limb > Flashcards

1: Clinical anatomy - lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four pelvic bones?

A

Ilium

Ischium

Pubic bone

Sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three ligaments holding the pelvic bones togther?

A

Anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments

Sacrospinous ligaments

Sacrotuberous ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which nerves are found in the pelvis?

Which nerve, coming from L4 - S3, emerges from the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Pudendal nerves

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Damage to pelvic nerves can affect which organs?

A

Bowel

Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What other tissues can be damaged by pelvic trauma?

A

Urethra

Rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which arteries anastomose around the head of the femur?

Where do they come from?

A

Retinacular arteries

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries

Profunda femoris artery (deep femoral artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of hip fracture can compromise retinacular arteries?

What may result?

A

Intracapsular hip fracture

AVN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What bones, apart from the femur, can be affected by avascular necrosis?

A

Scaphoid

Talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which posterior thigh muscles cause abduction of the thigh and stabilise the pelvis?

A

Gluteal muscles

maximus, medius, minimus

Tensor fascia latae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the dodgy gait caused by damage to the gluteal muscles?

A

Trendelenburg’s gait

pelvis doesn’t stabilise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Trendelenburg’s test?

A

Normally, when a lower limb is lifted, pelvis should tilt in direction of other limb

Positive Trendelenburg test if pelvis tils in direction of lifted limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the strongest hip flexor muscle, found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Iliopsoas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which nerve supplies the adductor muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What movement do muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh produce?

A

Lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most anterior quadriceps muscle called?

What movement do the quadriceps muscle cause?

A

Rectus femoris

Flexion of thigh, extension of leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body, found in the anterior compartment of the thigh, and produces weak extension of the leg?

A

Sartorius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A straight leg raise tests the (flexor / extensor) mechanism of the lower limb.

A

extensor inc tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which pelvic bone do you sit on?

A

Ischial tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which nerve supplies the hamstrings muscles of the posterior thigh?

A

Tibial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which muscle is commonly used as a tendon graft in ACL surgery?

A

Semitendinosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Knee pain in kiddos may be caused by what serious disease?

A

SUFE

slipped upper femoral epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Obturator nerve pain from the hip may refer to the ___.

A

knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Through which hole do the femoral artery and vein pass into the popliteal fossa?

A

Adductor hiatus

adductor magnus

24
Q

What are the two types of cartilage in the knee?

A

Hyaline cartilage

Fibrocartilage - found in medial and lateral menisci

25
Q

Why are medial meniscal tears more common than lateral ones?

A

We tend to pivot on medial aspect of knee

26
Q

The MCL protects against ___ stress.

The LCL protects against ___ stress.

A

valgus

varus

27
Q

What movements does the anterior cruciate ligament resist?

A

Internal rotation

Anterior translation of tibia

28
Q

What movements does the posterior cruciate ligament resist?

A

Posterior translation of tibia

29
Q

The average person’s leg is in six degrees of (varus / valgus).

A

valgus

30
Q

What’s the advantage of physiological valgus?

A

Joints all line up, better distribution of weight

31
Q

Why do people with genu varum or valgus get OA?

A

Poor distribution of load, not symmetrical

32
Q

People with genu varum may develop (medial / lateral) OA.

People with genu valgum develop…

A

varum - medial OA

valgum - lateral OA

33
Q

What fluid filled spaces can become inflamed if you kneel a lot?

A

Bursae

34
Q

Inflammation of bursae is called ___.

A

bursitis

35
Q

Anterior leg muscles perform which movements?

A

Dorsiflexion and extension of toes

36
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior leg muscles?

A

Deep fibular nerve

37
Q

The lateral leg muscles perform which movements?

Which nerve supplies them?

A

Inversion of foot

Superficial fibular nerve

38
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior muscles of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

39
Q

deep fibular - sensory to 1st toe space, lies in anterior compartment

superficial fibular - sensory to dorsal foot, lies in lateral compartment

tibial - sensory to sole of foot, lies in posterior compartment

A
40
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Swelling of compartment due to bleeding, inflammation etc. causes compression of veins –> ischaemia

41
Q

How is compartment syndrome treated?

A

Fasciotomy

42
Q

Where are ligaments found in the ankle?

A

Medial / deltoid complex

Lateral complex

43
Q

Which movement tends to tear ankle ligaments?

A

“going over your ankle”

i.e extreme inversion / eversion

44
Q

Ligament injury tends to make the ankle joint ___.

A

unstable

45
Q

What happens to the talus on an X-ray if there is pathological fracture or ligament injury?

A

Talar shift

loss of space

46
Q

What are tarsal coalitions?

A

Abnormal connections between tarsal bones

47
Q

What is abduction and adduction of the foot?

A

Abduction - lateral rotation of foot

Adduction - medial rotation of foot

48
Q

What are the two composite movements of the foot?

A

Supination

Pronation

49
Q

Which three movements, when combined, cause supination of the foot?

A

Plantarflexion

Inversion

Adduction

50
Q

Which three movements, when combined, cause pronation of the foot?

A

Dorsiflexion

Eversion

Abduction

51
Q

Which tendon forms the medial arch of the foot?

A

Tibialis posterior

52
Q

What causes pathological flat footedness?

A

Tibialis posterior injury

53
Q

Which connective tissue forms the sole of the foot?

A

Plantar fascia

54
Q

What are the movement muscles of the fingers and toes?

A

Flexor / extensor hallucis longus

Flexor / extensor digitorum longus

55
Q

Dysfunction of the finger and toe tendons causes ___.

A

deformity

MSK Week 4 2017/18 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions