1 - Classification of Periodontal Disease Flashcards
What is the definition of periodontal health?
- intact periodontium
- patients with reduced periodontium due to causes other than periodontitis
- patients with a reduced periodontium due to periodontitis
Define gingival heath.
- intact periodontium
- absence of BOP, oedema, erythema, symptoms, and loss of attachment or loss of bone levels
What are healthy bone levels?
Range from 1.0 - 3.0 mm apical to cemento-enamel junction
Define plaque induced gingivitis.
- intact periodontium (or reduced due to non-perio reasons)
- associated with biofilm alone
- can be exacerbated by drugs or risk factors
Define localised BOP.
< 30 %
Define generalised BOP.
> 30 %
What are modifying factors of plaque induced gingivitis?
- sex hormones (including pregnancy)
- hyperglycaemia
- leukemia
- smoking
- malnutrition
- poor restoration margins
- hyposalivation
- drugs
What is a pregnancy epulis?
Mucogingival deformity
What are some common drugs that influence gingivitis?
- immunosuppressants
- antipsychotics
- hypertension
What are common causes of non-plaque induced gingivitis?
- genetic / developmental disorders
- specific infections
- inflammatory / immune conditions
- reactive processes
- neoplasms (cancer)
- endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
- traumatic lesions
- gingival pigmentation
Give an example of a genetic condition that causes non-plaque induced gingivitis.
Gingival fibromatosis
Give an example of an infection that causes non-plaque induced gingivitis.
- herpetic gingival stomatitis
- candida albicans
Give an example of an inflammatory condition that causes non-plaque induced gingivitis.
- lichen planus
- benign mucosal membrane pemphigoid (oral manifestation of systemic disease)
Give an example of a nutritional deficiency that causes non-plaque induced gingivitis.
Vitamin C
Define necrotising gingivitis.
- no hard tissue involvement
- rapidly destructive, non-communicable microbial disease caused by impaired host response
What are symptoms of necrotising gingivitis?
- necrosis and ulcer in papilla
- gingival bleeding
- pain
- halitosis
- pseudomembrane formation
- lymphadenopathy
Define necrotising periodontitis.
- NG with bone loss and LOA
- bony sequestrum in severely immunocompromised patients
What are predisposing factors for NG in adults?
- HIV / AIDS
- severe immunosuppressed conditions
What are predisposing factors for NG in children?
- severe viral infections
- severe malnourishment
- extreme living conditions
What are predisposing factors for NP?
- uncontrolled risks (stress/nutrition/smoking)
- previous NP
- local factors (root proximity/tooth malposition)
- similar to factors for NG
What is a common after NG?
Loss of dental papilla
Define periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease.
Mainly rare diseases that affect the course of periodontitis resulting in the early presentation of severe periodontitis (ie increases the rate of periodontitis).
Give examples of diseases that can progress periodontitis.
- papillon lefevre syndrome
- leucocyte adhesion deficiency
- hypophosphatasia
- Down’s syndrome
- Ehlers-Danlos
How does papillon leferve syndrome manifest?
Severe periodontitis in deciduous dentition
Define systemic diseases (or conditions) affecting the periodontal tissues.
Mainly rare conditions affecting the periodontal tissues independently of dental plaque induced inflammation.
Give examples of diseases that falsely manifest as periodontitis.
- squamous cell carcinoma
- Langerhans cell histocytosis
How does diabetes affect periodontitis?
- acts as a risk factor
- adds to the multifactorial nature of periodontitis
- involved in clinical staging and grading
Define recession type 1.
- RT1
- recession in buccal/lingul regions
- no loss of inter-proximal attachment
- inter-proximal CEJ is not detectable
Define recession type 2.
- RT2
- loss of inter-proximal attachment that is less than or equal to the buccal attachment loss
Define recession type 3.
- RT3
- loss of inter-proximal attachment that is greater than buccal attachment loss
