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Childcare > 1 - Child development > Flashcards

1 - Child development Flashcards

1
Q

What are all the different types of development?

A

Physical, cognitive, communication and language, social and emotional

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2
Q

Describe/examples physical development

A

The body increases in skill and becomes more complex
Eg. running, using a spoon

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3
Q

Importance of physical development

A
  • movement of the body
  • control over the hands
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4
Q

Describe/examples of cognitive development

A

The ability to think, recognise and remember
Eg. recognising faces, putting toys in right place

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5
Q

Importance of cognitive development

A
  • learn new things
  • remember everything
  • helping children think and solve problems
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6
Q

Describe/examples of language development

A

The ability to make sounds, talk, understands and interact with others
Eg. explaining, following instructions

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7
Q

Importance of language development

A

-help children understand what others are saying
- helps express their feelings and ideas

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8
Q

Describe/examples of social and emotional development

A

The ability to interact with others, develop, manage, express feeling and become more independent
Eg. sharing toys, trying something new

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9
Q

Importance of social and emotional development

A
  • helps children be with others
  • helps them play fairly
  • helps them control their feelings and behaviour
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10
Q

Description of holistic development

A

How all the different areas of development are linked together

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11
Q

Description of development follows a sequence

A

If a child has not gained a skill it will affect the development
Eg - a baby cannot walk until he has the skill of standing

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12
Q

Describe/examples of fine motor skills

A

Coordination of small muscles, precise movements and hand-eye coordination
Eg. holding a crayon, fastening a zip

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of physical development

A
  • fine motor skills
  • gross motor skills
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14
Q

Describe/examples of gross motor skills

A

Coordination of the large muscles of the arms, legs and torso
Eg. walking, balancing

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15
Q

Difference between palmar and pincer grasp

A

Palmar - held in child’s fist
Pincer - held between thumb and forefinger

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16
Q

Fine motor skills milestones at birth

A
  • hands firmly closed
  • fold their thumb under their fingers
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17
Q

Fine motor skills milestones at 1 year

A
  • point using their index finger
  • pass and release toys
  • clasp hands together
  • hold crayon with palmar grasp
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18
Q

Fine motor skills milestones at 2 years

A
  • pull apart interlocking toys
  • use pincer grip to pick up small objects
  • draw lines, dots and circles
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19
Q

Fine motor skills milestones at 3 years

A
  • preference of dominant hand
  • fasten a large zip
  • draw person with a head
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20
Q

Fine motor skills milestones at 4 years

A
  • fasten buttons
  • use spoon and fork
  • draw a figure resembling a person
21
Q

Fine motor skills milestones at 5 years

A
  • use knife and fork
  • thread small beads
  • draw a person
22
Q

Gross motor skills milestones at birth

A
  • lie on back with head to one side
  • lag head when pulled to sitting position
23
Q

Meaning of cruise

A

How babies walk about by holding onto furniture

24
Q

Gross motor skills milestones at 1 year

A
  • stand and may cruise around
  • sit from standing
  • more mobile
25
Q

Gross motor skills milestones at 2 years

A
  • walk up and down stairs with adults hand
  • run with control
  • throw and kick a ball
26
Q

Gross motor skills milestones at 3 years

A
  • walk backwards/sideways
  • ride a tricycle
  • jump from low step
  • throw and catch a ball
27
Q

Gross motor skills milestones at 4 years

A
  • stand/run on tiptoes
  • hop
  • change directions when running
  • catch, kick, throw and bounce a ball
28
Q

Gross motor skills milestones at 5 years

A
  • skip and move to music
  • hop of each foot
  • rode bicycle with stabilisers
29
Q

What are the 4 reflexes that newborns make and meaning

A
  • primitive reflexes - movements made automatically
  • rooting - search for milk using their mouth
  • asymmetric tonic neck reflex - if head turns to one side the knee and arm bend on the other side
  • moro reflex - throws head and arms back, then brings them back in before crying
30
Q

Cognitive milestones at birth

A
  • turn head to bright light
  • likes looking at contrasting patterns
  • startled by sudden noises
  • range of primitive reflexes
  • shows asymmetric tonic neck reflex and moro reflex
31
Q

Cognitive milestones at 1 year

A
  • understands simple instructions
  • respond to gestures
  • anticipate future routines
32
Q

Cognitive milestones at 2 years

A
  • understand mirror is a reflection
  • understand consequences of actions
  • name pictures and objects in a book
33
Q

Cognitive milestones at 3 years

A
  • recognise objects heavy and light
  • show awareness of present and past
  • ask why
  • sort objects into size and shape
34
Q

Cognitive milestones at 4 years

A
  • name some colours
  • count to 10
  • recall stories and rhymes
  • confused between fantasy and reality
35
Q

Cognitive milestones at 5 years

A
  • gives meaning to makes they make and see
  • count to 20
  • understand basic rules
  • interested in reading and writing
36
Q

Language milestones at birth

A
  • recognise mothers voice
  • not able to hear soft sounds
  • cry’s to indicate need
37
Q

Language milestones at 1 year

A
  • babble tunefully
  • raise tone to gain attention
  • follow simple instructions
  • understand simple frequent words
38
Q

Language milestones at 2 years

A
  • use 50 words or more
  • join 2 words together
  • refer to self by name
  • understand a wide range of words
39
Q

Language milestones at 3 years

A
  • use 200 words or more
  • ask questions constantly
  • join in simple rhymes
40
Q

Language milestones at 4 years

A
  • understood easily by others
  • enjoy telling and sharing stories
  • knows several rhymes and songs
41
Q

Language milestone at 5 years

A
  • show signs of reading
  • concentrate and maintain stories
  • use language and gestures to convey meaning
  • speech mostly grammatically correct
42
Q

Difference between social and emotional development

A

Social - learning to be with others
Emotional - managing feelings

43
Q

Social and emotional milestones at birth

A
  • imitate facial expressions
  • express pleasure at bath time
  • enjoy physical touch
44
Q

Social and emotional milestones at 1 year

A
  • enjoy playing simple games
  • cry if unable to see carer
  • dependent on others
  • play alone happily
45
Q

Social and emotional milestones at 2 years

A
  • confident and curious exploring environment
  • feel frustrated when unable to express feelings
  • clingy at times but independent at others
46
Q

Social and emotional milestones at 3 years

A
  • enjoy playing with other children
  • express emotions
  • enjoy imaginative and creative play experiences
  • like to do tasks unaided
47
Q

Social and emotional milestones at 4 years

A
  • welcome and value praise
  • more confident in new situations
  • sensitive to others
  • fearful as imagination increases
48
Q

Social and emotional milestones at 5 years

A
  • enjoy group play
  • definite likes and dislikes
  • describe self in a positive way
  • gain confidence
  • more independent

Childcare (9 decks)

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