1. Chest pain background science Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 layers of the heart wall

A

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

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2
Q

which layer of the heart houses the vessels and nerves of the conducting system of the heart (purkinje fibres)

A

subendocardial layer

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3
Q

the coronary arteries run within which layer of the heart

A

epicardial layer

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4
Q

Coronary flow occurs predominantly during which period; systole or diastole

A

Diastole

when the myocardium is relaxed, and the smaller coronary vessels are not squeezed by the contracting myocardium

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5
Q

What is the result of tachycardia on the heart

A

increases myocardial oxygen demand

decreases coronary blood flow

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6
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arise from

A

aortic sinus (small bulges in the aorta above the aortic valve)

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7
Q

What are the main branches of the LCA

A

LAD , left marginal and left circumflex

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8
Q

what are the main branches of the RCA

A

right marginal and posterior descending

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9
Q

Venous drainage of the myocardium (the heart) is via what

A

the coronary sinus

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10
Q

the coronary sinus delivers deoxygenated blood to which part of the heart

A

the right atrium

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11
Q

Name the symptoms of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries

A

vomiting, anxiety, angina, coughing, feeling faint

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12
Q

what are the symptoms of atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (remember it supplies the brain)

A

weakness, dysphagia, headache and facial numbing

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13
Q

what are the symptoms of peripheral vascular disease

A

hair loss, erectile dysfunction and weakening

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of atherosclerosis in the renal artery

A

reduced appetite, hand or feet swelling

increased renin release which leads to increase BP

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15
Q

Define coronary artery disease/ IHD

A

poor or no blood flow to the heart tissue and is linked to angina
this can lead to MI

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16
Q

what is heart failure

A

when the heart is unuable to maintain a strong blood flow and results in chronic tiredness, reduced physical activity and SOB

17
Q

Troponin test (I and T) are recommended as options for the early rule out of what

A

NSTEMI in patients with chest pain and suspected ACS

18
Q

Out of the following conditions, which will cause an increase in troponin and creatine kinase and which will not;
unstable angina
NSTEMI
STEMI

A

unstable angina will not have increased troponin

NSTEMI and STEMI will have increased troponin

19
Q

describe the change in troponin levels post MI

A

start to rise afte 3 hours
continue to rise for 12 hours
peak at 24 hours
tail off after 72 hours