1 Chemistry Year 10 Flashcards
What’s the formula for amount of electrons per shell
2n^2
n = shell number
Meaning shell number squared, times 2
What is an isotope?
An element with a different number of neutrons and differing atomic mass
Where and what charge is a proton?
In the nucleus and positive
Where and what charge is a neutron?
In the nucleus and neutral
Where and what charge is an electron
Flying around the nucleus in shells and negative
How does temperature affect the reaction rate?
It increases the energy of particles leading to more frequent collisions and a higher chance of successful collisions
How does concentration affect the reaction rate?
It increases the amount of particles in a given volume which increases the chance of possible successful collisions
How does surface area affect the reaction rate?
It exposes more particles to the other reactants which increases the amount of successful collisions
What is a catalyst?
They are a substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the required activation energy and provides an alternate pathway for the reaction
What is a mixture?
The physical combination of two or more substances
What is an element?
A pure substance made up of 1 kind of atom
What is a molecule?
2+ elements chemically bonded together in a new substance
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion -> metals
What is an anion?
A negatively charged ion -> non-metals
What does the proton in an atom determine?
What element it is
What do neutron add
They add mass coz they’re fatter/ heavier
What’s the difference between protons and neutrons?
Protons are positively charged, neutrons have no charge
They have the same mass (1au)
What do neutrons do and why
They keep the protons in the nucleus because opposites attract so the same things repel. The neutrons keep them together.
They also keep the protons and electrons in place. If they weren’t there then they would move together
What’s an ion
A charged attom
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Matter can not be created or destroyed, only transformed
What’s on the left and right of the equation
Left- reactants
Right- products
Metallic bonds are
Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between cations and delocalised electrons (disconnected)
Covalent bonds are
Covalent bonds are the the sharing of electrons between non metals
Ionic bonding is..
When cations and anions are held together with electrostatic forces or attraction
What is a combination reaction?
Combination or synthesis is two (or more) reactants forming 1 product
A + B -> AB
What is a Decomposition Reaction?
Or breaking down reaction, is one reactant forming multiple products
AB -> A + B
What is a single displacement?
When one reactant “swaps” with the other to form two products
- the cations will always swap, not the anion
A + BC -> AC + B
What is a couple displacement?
When one element from each reactant will swap to form two products
AB + CD -> AC + BD
What is a combustion reaction?
When hydrocarbons react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water
CH + O -> CO + H2O
What are the aspects of collision theory
Must collide- must make contact
Sufficient energy- enough speed
Correct orientation- correct orientation
-> will result in successful or fruitful collision
Aqueous is what.
Aqueous means an element dissolved in water. All aqueous are liquids
