1. Chemistry: The Study of Change

Question 1

What is chemistry?

Answer 1

Studying matter and how matter changes

Question 2

Scientific Method

Answer 2

How research is approached

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

A proposed explanation for a series of observations (i.e. When I add salt to my plants, they don’t grow, meaning salt is toxic to plants)

Question 4

Law

Answer 4

Describes “what” occurred. A statement that summarizes a pattern observed in phenomena. Something like organisms have changed and adapted over time.

Question 5

Theory

Answer 5

Describes the “why” of what occurred. The theory of evolution says that organisms are changing because of natural selection

Question 6

Macroscopic Properties

Answer 6

Determined directly

Question 7

Microscopic Properties

Answer 7

On the atomic level, determined indirectly

Question 8

Tera
Giga
Mega
Kilo
Hecto
Deka

Answer 8

E12/ a trillion
E9 / a billion
E6/ a million
E3/ a thousand
E2/ a hundred
E1/ ten

Question 9

Pico
Nano
Micro
Milli
Centi
Deci

Answer 9

E-12/ a trillionth
E-9/ a billionth
E-6/ a millionth
E-3/ a thousandth
E-2/ a hundredth
E-1/ a tenth

Question 9

Common Conversions for \
kg to lb,
km to mi,
m to in,
m to yd,
ft to cm (exact),
in to cm (exact),
lb to g,
L to qt,
gal to L,
ml to cubic centimeters,
cubic centimeters to cubic meters

Answer 9

1 kg = 2.2046 lb
1 km = 0.6214 mile
1 m = 39.37 in
1 m = 1.094 yds
1 ft = 30.48 cm
1 in = 2.54 cm
1 lb= 453.59 g
1 L = 1.057 qts
1 gal = 3.785 L
1 mL= 1 cm^3
1,000,000 cm^3= 1 m^3

Question 9

Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 9

(F-32) *(5/9)

Question 10

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 10

(9/5)* (C) +32F

Question 11

Celsius to Kelvin

Answer 11

C+273.15

Question 12

Kelvin to Celsius

Answer 12

K-273.15

Question 13

Weight

Answer 13

The force that gravity exerts on an object

Question 14

Mass

Answer 14

How much matter is in an object

Question 15

Liter

Answer 15

Volume that a cubic decimeter takes up

Question 16

Density Equation

Answer 16

mass/volume

Question 17

How is the density of gas expressed?

Answer 17

g/L, larger space between molecules, lower density so liters instead of cm or m

Question 18

Matter

Answer 18

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 19

Substance

Answer 19

Something with a specific composition and properties (taste, smell, appearance)

Question 20

Mixture

Answer 20

Two or more substances combine, but each substance maintains its own chemical identity

Question 21

Heterogenous Mixture

Answer 21

Differing chemical and physical characteristics

Question 22

Solid

Answer 22

Molecules are held closely in an orderly fashion, fixed volume and shape, incompressible

Question 23

Liquid

Answer 23

Molecules are held closely, but some freedom to move, fixed volume, but no shape/takes shape of the container, somewhat compressible

Question 24

Gas

Answer 24

Molecules are not held closely together, assume the shape and volume of the container, compressible

Question 25

Energy

Answer 25

The capacity to transfer heat and do work

Question 26

Extensive Properties

Answer 26

Depends on how much matter is being considered (length, width, mass, volume)

Question 27

Intensive Properties

Answer 27

Depends on the type of matter (color, hardiness, malleability, melting point)

Question 28

Sig Figs

Answer 28

Is it countable, defined/measured, or integer in an equation? If so, none or infinite significant figures

Question 29

Rounding if the value ends in 5

Answer 29

If the number to the left of the 5 is even, round down. If odd, round up