1. Characteristics & Classification of Living Organisms Flashcards
Describe Movement
an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place
Desribe Respiration
the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy for metabolism
Describe Sensitivity
the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses
Describe Growth
a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both
Describe Reproduction
the processes that make more of the same kind of organism
Describe Excretion
the removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirements
Definition of a species
a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
What are the Characteristics of Living Organisms
MRS. H. GREN ( Movement Respiration Sensitivity Homeostasis Growth and development Reproduction Excretion Nutrition)
Describe Nutrition
the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development; plants require light, carbon dioxide, water and ions; animals need organic compounds, ions and usually need water
What is the sequence of classification
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GRAN’S SPAGHETTI)
How were organisms orginally classified
By their morphology and anatomy
How are organisms classified in the modern era
Through DNA sequencing
What 3 things do all living cells contain?
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
DNA as genetic material
What organelles can only be seen with an electron microscope
Ribosomes for protein synthesis
Enzymes for respiration
Mitochondria
Vesicles
What are the 5 Kingdoms
Animals Plants Fungi Protoctists Prokaryotes (A1F1P3)
Main features of all animals
they are multicellular
their cells contain a nucleus but no cell walls or chloroplasts
they feed on organic substances made by other living things
Main features of all plants
they are multicellular
their cells contain a nucleus, chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls
they all feed by photosynthesis
Main features of Fungi
usually multicellular
cells have nuclei and cell walls not made from cellulose
do not photosynthesize but feed by saprophytic (on dead or decaying material) or parasitic (on live material) nutrition
Main feature of all Protoctists?
most are unicellular but some are multicellular
all have a nucleus, some may have cell walls and chloroplasts
meaning some protoctists photosynthesise and some feed on organic substances made by other living things
Main feature of all Prokaryotes
often unicellular
cells have cell walls (not made of cellulose) and cytoplasm but no nucleus or mitochondria
What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates
Vertebrates have a backbone and invertebrates don’t have a backbone.
What are the 5 classes of vertebrates?
Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fish
Main features of mammals?
Fur/hair on the skin Have a placenta Mammary Glands External Ears visible Endothermic
Main features of Birds
Skin covered in features Have 2 legs and 2 wings instead of forelimbs Lay eggs with a hard shell Have a beak Endothermic
Main features of Reptiles
Dry, Fixed scales
Lay eggs with a rubbery shell on land
Main features of Amphibians
Smooth, Moist skin
Adults usually live on land(have lungs)
Larvae live in water(have gills)
Lay eggs without shells in water
Main features of Fish
Loose, Wet scales on skin
Gills to beathe
Lay eggs with shells in water
What are the 4 classes of invertebrates?
Myriapods, insects, arachnids, crustaceans
Main features of Myriapods
Body consists of many segments
Each pair of segment contain one pair of jointed legs
1 pair of antennae
Main features of insects
3 part body
3 pairs of jointed legs (6 legs in total)
2 pairs of wings
1 pair of antennae
Main features of Arachnids
2 Part Body
4 pairs of jointed legs
No antennae
Main features of crustaceans
More than 4 pairs of jointed legs
Chalky exoskeleton formed from calcium
Breathe through gills
2 pairs of antennae
What are two types of plants
Ferns and flowering plants
Main Features of Ferns
Have leaves called fronds
reproduce by spores produced on the underside of fronds
Main features of flowering plants
Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds
Can be divided into two groups – monocotyledons and dicotyledons
Characteristics of monocotyledons
Flowers in multiples of 3
Leaves have parallel leaf veins
Characteristics of dicotyledon
Flowers contain petals in multiples of 4 or 5
Leaves have reticulated leaf veins
Why are viruses not a living organism
Because they do not carry out all seven life processes that living organisms must carry out
