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IGCSE Biology > 1. Characteristics & Classification of Living Organisms > Flashcards

1. Characteristics & Classification of Living Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe Movement

A

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

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2
Q

Desribe Respiration

A

the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy for metabolism

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3
Q

Describe Sensitivity

A

the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses

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4
Q

Describe Growth

A

a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

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5
Q

Describe Reproduction

A

the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

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6
Q

Describe Excretion

A

the removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirements

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7
Q

Definition of a species

A

a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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8
Q

What are the Characteristics of Living Organisms

A 
MRS. H. GREN (
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Homeostasis
Growth and development
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition)
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9
Q

Describe Nutrition

A

the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development; plants require light, carbon dioxide, water and ions; animals need organic compounds, ions and usually need water

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10
Q

What is the sequence of classification

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GRAN’S SPAGHETTI)

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11
Q

How were organisms orginally classified

A

By their morphology and anatomy

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12
Q

How are organisms classified in the modern era

A

Through DNA sequencing

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13
Q

What 3 things do all living cells contain?

A

Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
DNA as genetic material

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14
Q

What organelles can only be seen with an electron microscope

A

Ribosomes for protein synthesis
Enzymes for respiration
Mitochondria
Vesicles

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15
Q

What are the 5 Kingdoms

A 
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctists
Prokaryotes
(A1F1P3)
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16
Q

Main features of all animals

A

they are multicellular
their cells contain a nucleus but no cell walls or chloroplasts
they feed on organic substances made by other living things

17
Q

Main features of all plants

A

they are multicellular
their cells contain a nucleus, chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls
they all feed by photosynthesis

18
Q

Main features of Fungi

A

usually multicellular
cells have nuclei and cell walls not made from cellulose
do not photosynthesize but feed by saprophytic (on dead or decaying material) or parasitic (on live material) nutrition

19
Q

Main feature of all Protoctists?

A

most are unicellular but some are multicellular
all have a nucleus, some may have cell walls and chloroplasts
meaning some protoctists photosynthesise and some feed on organic substances made by other living things

20
Q

Main feature of all Prokaryotes

A

often unicellular

cells have cell walls (not made of cellulose) and cytoplasm but no nucleus or mitochondria

21
Q

What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates

A

Vertebrates have a backbone and invertebrates don’t have a backbone.

22
Q

What are the 5 classes of vertebrates?

A

Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fish

23
Q

Main features of mammals?

A 
Fur/hair on the skin
Have a placenta
Mammary Glands
External Ears visible
Endothermic
24
Q

Main features of Birds

A 
Skin covered in features
Have 2 legs and 2 wings instead of forelimbs
Lay eggs with a hard shell
Have a beak 
Endothermic
25
Q

Main features of Reptiles

A

Dry, Fixed scales

Lay eggs with a rubbery shell on land

26
Q

Main features of Amphibians

A

Smooth, Moist skin
Adults usually live on land(have lungs)
Larvae live in water(have gills)
Lay eggs without shells in water

27
Q

Main features of Fish

A

Loose, Wet scales on skin
Gills to beathe
Lay eggs with shells in water

28
Q

What are the 4 classes of invertebrates?

A

Myriapods, insects, arachnids, crustaceans

29
Q

Main features of Myriapods

A

Body consists of many segments
Each pair of segment contain one pair of jointed legs
1 pair of antennae

30
Q

Main features of insects

A

3 part body
3 pairs of jointed legs (6 legs in total)
2 pairs of wings
1 pair of antennae

31
Q

Main features of Arachnids

A

2 Part Body
4 pairs of jointed legs
No antennae

32
Q

Main features of crustaceans

A

More than 4 pairs of jointed legs
Chalky exoskeleton formed from calcium
Breathe through gills
2 pairs of antennae

33
Q

What are two types of plants

A

Ferns and flowering plants

34
Q

Main Features of Ferns

A

Have leaves called fronds

reproduce by spores produced on the underside of fronds

35
Q

Main features of flowering plants

A

Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds

Can be divided into two groups – monocotyledons and dicotyledons

36
Q

Characteristics of monocotyledons

A

Flowers in multiples of 3

Leaves have parallel leaf veins

37
Q

Characteristics of dicotyledon

A

Flowers contain petals in multiples of 4 or 5

Leaves have reticulated leaf veins

38
Q

Why are viruses not a living organism

A

Because they do not carry out all seven life processes that living organisms must carry out

IGCSE Biology (2 decks)

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