1. Characteristics and classification of animals Flashcards
What are the characteristics of living organisms (MRS GREN)? Define each one.
Movement : an action by an organism or part of an organism that causes a change in position/place
Respiration : chemical reactions in the cell that break down nutrient molecules to release energy for metabolism
Sensitivity : ability to sense stimuli in the internal/external environment and make appropriate responses
Growth : permanent increase in size and dry mass of an organism
Reproduction : process that makes more of the same organism
Excretion : removal of toxic materials and substances excess of requirements from the organism
Nutrition : taking in of materials for energy, growth and development
What is a species?
A group of animals that can reproduce to produce a fertile offspring
What is the binomial system? Who invented it?
Invented by Carlos Linnaeus, the binomial system is an internationally agreed system in which scientific name of the organism is made up of two parts: Genus species
What relationships does classification reflect? It is traditionally based on what studies?
Classification reflects evolutionary relationships, where animals with similar features are grouped together. It is based on anatomy and morphology
Other than using similar features, what is a more accurate way of classifying organisms?
We can use the sequences of bases in DNA and amino acid in proteins. Animals with similar base DNA are more closely related (share a more recent ancestor)
Name the levels of classification
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What are the 5 Kingdoms?
Animal Plant Fungi Prokaryotes Protoctists
Describe cell structure in animal kingdom
- multicellular
- have nucleus
- no cell wall no chloroplast
- feed on organic substances made by other living things
Describe cell structure in plant kingdom
- multicellular
- have nucleus
- have chloroplast + cellulose cell wall
- autotrophs, make food through photosynthesis
Describe cell structure in fungi kingdom
- multicellular
- cell have nuclei
- cell wall are made of chitin
- feed by saprophytic (on dead or decaying) or parasitic nutrition
- mould, mushroom, yeast
Describe cell structure in prokaryotes kingdom
- often unicellular
- no mitochondria or nucleus, cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan
- bacteria, blue-green algae
Describe cell structure in protoctists kingdom
- most unicellular but some are multicellular
- all have nucleus
- some have chloroplast + cell wall
- some protoctists photosynthesise and some feed on organic substances
- amoeba, plasmodium
What are vertebrates? Describe each group
Animals with a backbone,
Mammals : have fur/hair, have mammary glands, give birth to live young, warm blooded
Birds : have feathers + beak, lay hard shell eggs, warm blooded
Reptiles : scaly skin, lay soft shell eggs, cold blooded
Amphibians : moist smooth thin skin, lay eggs in water, front legs smaller than back, cold blooded
Fish: scales, gills, streamlined, cold blooded
Invertebrates with jointed legs are part of what phylum?
Arthropods
What are the main groups of arthropods? Describe each one
Myriapods (centipede) : long segmented body, many legs, one pair of antennae
Insects (butterfly) : 3 part body: head thorax abdomen, 3 pairs of jointed legs, one pair of antennae, compound eyes
Arachnids (spider) : 2 part body: cephalothorax abdomen, 4 pairs of jointed legs, no antennae, several eyes
Crustaceans (crab) : chalky hard exoskeleton, 2 pairs of antennae, compound eyes
