1: Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Question 1

Movement

Answer 1

an action by an organism causing a change of position or place

Question 2

Excretion definition

Answer 2

• removal from organisms of toxic materials and

- substances in excess of requirements

Question 3

Nutrition definition

Answer 3

taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

Question 4

Sensitivity definition

Answer 4

ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment

Question 5

Respiration definition

Answer 5

chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy

Question 6

Reproduction

Answer 6

the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

Question 7

Growth

Answer 7

permanent increase in size

Question 8

Species

Answer 8

group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 9

MRS GREN

Answer 9

M - Movement
R - respiration
S - sensitivity

G - growth
R - reproduction
E - excretion
N - nutrition

Question 10

Binomial System

Answer 10

an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species

1. Genus 2. Species
   Homo Sapiens

Question 11

Classification Systems: aim, based on

What is used as a more accurate mean of classification?

What is more similar in organisms which share a more recent ancestor than those that share only a distant ancestor?

Answer 11

1. aim: to reflect evolutionary relationships
2. based on: studies of morphology and anatomy (physical features and DNA base sequences)
3. sequences of bases in DNA and of amino acids in proteins
4. have base sequences in DNA that are more similar

Question 12

5 kingdoms

Linnaeus’s system of classification (levels)

Answer 12

Kingdoms: Animal, Plant, Fungus, Prokaryote, Protoctist

Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GREAT SPAGHETTI

Question 13

2 broad groups of animals

Answer 13

Vertebrates - have a backbone

1. Warm-blooded - mammals, birds
2. Cold-blooded - reptiles, amphibians, fish

Invertebrates - no backbone

1. Arthropod (have jointed legs) - an invertebrate with an exoskeleton
2. Myriapods (centipede)
3. Insects (bee)
4. Arachnids (spider)
5. Crustaceans (crab, lobster)

Question 14

Plant kingdom

Answer 14

Flowering

1. Monocotyledons - contain 1 embryonic flower (cotyledon/leave)
2. Dicotyledon - contain 2 embryonic flowers

Non-flowering

Question 15

Features of viruses

Answer 15

surrounded by protein coat

contain genetic material (DNA)