1. Changing Population Flashcards
Explain the physical factors that affect population distribution at a global scale: (7)
- Climate and weather: more attractive for settlement and agriculture. (1)
- Relief and Landform: Lower, flat land allows for more fertile soil. (1)
- Soil type and quality: Fertile land is attractive for settlements and agriculture (1)
- Vegetation: Grasslands are more attractive because it is easier to build on. (1)
- Natural resources: Freshwater and fossil fuels attracts human settlement and economic activity. (1)
- Natural hazards: Frequency and intensity of hazards may come into question when humans decide where to live. (1)
- Location: Needs to have good connectivity, communication and transport routes to it. (1)
Explain the human factors that affect population distribution at a global scale: (6)
- Political stability: Areas with high conflict and war risk are avoided by humans. (1)
- Historical: Forced and voluntary migration leads to redistribution of population. (1)
- Economic development: Areas with high levels of income and trade attract people due to better living standards. (1)
- Cultural diversity: Places that are diverse are more welcoming to people from different backgrounds. (1)
- Social services: Access to healthcare and education results in a higher quality of life. (1)
- Environmental awareness: Places that run sustainably and address environmental issues are appreciated by people and there is less pollution. (1)
Define the following terms: (3)
- High Income Country (HIC): (1)
- Middle Income Country (MIC): (1)
- Low Income Country (LIC): (1)
- A country where average earnings are approximately $1,100 or less. (1)
- A country where average earnings are approximately between $1,100 and $14,000 (1)
- A country where average earnings are $14,000 or more. (1)
Define the term emerging economy: (2)
- A country that is becoming a developed nation. (1)
- Due to high economic growth and increased trade and investment flows. (1)
Define the term voluntary internal migration: (1)
- Migration where people choose to move domestically to other parts of a country. (1)
Define the following terms: (3)
- Core (2)
- Periphery (1)
- The central region of an economy. (1) with good communications and high population density. (1)
- Outlying regions with poor communications and sparse population. (1)
Define the term megacity growth: (1)
The growth in the percentage if people living in urban areas. (1)
Define the term natural increase: (2)
- The difference between the number of live births and deaths. (1)
- Generally calculated over a year. (1)
Define the term fertility rate: (1)
The average number of children a mother will have in her lifetime. (1)
Define the term life expectancy: (1)
- The age a person can expect to live based on the statistical average for an area. (1)
Define the term population structure: (2)
- The characteristics of a population. (1), and the distribution of sex, age, ethnicity and religion. (1)
Define the term dependency ratio: (1)
The ratio of the youthful and ageing population to the working population. (1)
Explain the impacts of megacity growth for individuals: (7)
- Positive (3)
- Negative (4)
Positive:
- Improved education (1)
- Higher wages (1)
- Employment opportunities (1)
Negative:
- Overcrowded, expensive and inadequate housing. (1)
- Degraded water and sanitation. (1)
- Public and health services burdened. (1)
- Noise and pollution can impact mental health. (1)
Explain the impact of megacity growth on society:
- Positive (3)
- Negative (3)
Positive:
- Increased cultural diversity. (1)
- Increased economic growth. (1)
- Increases services and infrastructure. (1)
Negative:
- Increased property prices and urban sprawl. (1)
- Rise in crime rates and racial tension. (1)
- Congestion and pollution. (1)
