1 cellular structure and function

Question 1

state the 3 tenets of cell theory

Answer 1

1. all organisms are composed of cells
2. the cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms
3. all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

state 3 differences b/w prokaryotes & eukaryotes

Answer 2

prokaryote:
1. smaller
2. no membrane-bound nucleus
3. no membrane-bound cell organelles

eukaryote:
1. larger
2. has membrane-bound nucleus
3. has membrane-bound cell organelles

Question 3

explain the link b/w structure & function of cells

Answer 3

cells are limited in size by their ability to exchange substances with their environment. therefore, the structure of cells varies depending on the organism and the cell’s function.

Question 4

recognise the relationship b/w cell size and SA:V

Answer 4

as cell size increases in size, the volume and surface area increase, but the surface area to volume ratio decreases.

Question 5

understand that cell shape can affect the SA:V

Question 6

understand that SA:V affects the movement of substances into or out of a cell

Question 7

state the function of the Nucleus

Answer 7

found in: eukaryotes

function:
- holds genetic material (DNA)
- regulates gene expression
- directs protein synthesis
- maintains the structure of the cell

*

Question 8

state the function of the Ribosome

Answer 8

found in: eukaryotes and prokaryotes

function: protein synthesis using the genetic code from the nucleus

Question 9

state the function of the Rough ER enabled by its structure

Question 10

state the function of Golgi enabled by its structure

Question 11

state the function of Mitochondrion enabled by its structure

Question 12

state the function of Chloroplast enabled by its structure

Question 13

state the function of Vesicles enabled by their structure

Question 14

state the function of the Plasma membrane enabled by its structure

Question 15

state the key differences b/w plant & animal cells

Question 16

draw a labelled diagram of the plasma membrane

Question 17

explain the function of channel and carrier proteins in the plasma membrane

Question 18

describe the chemical nature of the plasma membrane (hydrophobic/hydrophilic)

Question 19

explain how the chemical nature of the plasma membrane affects how and what substances can cross through diffusion

Question 20

explain how the chemical nature of the plasma membrane affects how and what substances can cross through osmosis

Question 21

explain how the chemical nature of the plasma membrane affects how and what substances can cross through active transport

Question 22

explain how the chemical nature of the plasma membrane affects how and what substances can cross through facilitated diffusion

Question 23

state which methods of movement across the membrane are passive and active

Question 24

explain how the relative concentration of solutes inside and out of a cell affects the movement of substances across the plasma membrane