1 Cells, tissues and organs Flashcards
What cells belong to both plants and animals and which ones only belong to plant cells?
Animal and Plant:
- nucleus
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- ribosomes
- mitochondria
Plant only:
- cell wall
- vacuole (permanent)
- chloroplasts
What does the nucleus do?
contains DNA and controls the cell
What does the cell membrane do?
controls what substances enter and exit the cell
What does cytoplasm do?
liquid gel where chemical processes take place for life
What do ribosomes do?
where protein synthesis takes place providing protein for the cell
what do mitochondria do?
in cytoplasm where oxygen is used and most energy is released during respiration
What does the cell wall do?
made of cellulose which supports and strengthens the cell
What does the vacuole (permanent) do?
filled with cell sap and glucose (carbohydrate) to be used as energy
What does a bacterial cell consist of?
- cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall
- gene’s aren’t in a distinct nucleus but free in cytoplasm
- also plasmids containing extra genetic material and flagella are attached allowing the cell to move
How big is a bacterial cell compared to a yeast cell?
They are smaller than yeast cells
How are bacteria used when they aren’t harmful?
- to make food such as yogurt and cheese
- in sewage treatment
- to make medicines
What does a yeast cell consist of?
- a single celled organism
- contain a nucleus, cytoplasm and membrane
- surrounded by a cell wall
How are yeast specially adapted to survive and how do they reproduce?
- they reproduce through asexual budding involving a new yeast cell growing out of the original cell to form a new separate yeast organism
- are specialised to survive for a long time, even in a lack of oxygen - they can use anaerobic respiration
What is anaerobic respiration?
When sugar is broken down in the absence of oxygen, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide
Otherwise known as fermentation
Where is fermentation used?
- to make bread
- to make alcohol
What are the 3 main adaptations of fat cells?
body stores fat in fat cells which helps us survive when food is in short supply
- have a small amount of cytoplasm and large amounts of fat
- have few mitochondria because the cell needs very little energy
- can expand - up to 1000 x its original size as it fills up with fat