1 Cells Flashcards
Cells…
the basic building blocks of all living organisms
Tissue
A group of cells with a similar structure and function.
Organs
Aggregations of tissues performing specific functions
Organs are…
organised into organ systems, which work together to form organisms.
As an organism develops…
cells differentiate to form different types of cells.
Organisation with examples
Cell - muscle cell Tissue - muscle Organ - heart Organ system - circulatory system Organism - human
Convert from mm to μm.
x1000
Convert from μm to nm.
x1000
Which is bigger, 1μm or 1nm?
1μm
State the equations for aerobic respiration.
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
State the equations for anaerobic respiration in:
1) Animal cells and bacteria
2) Plants or yeast
1) glucose → lactic acid + energy
2) lactic acid → carbon dioxide + water
What is aerobic respiration?
A set of exothermic chemical reactions which take place continually in the mitochondria of all living cells. . The chemical reactions use oxygen to release the energy from food (like glucose).
What does exothermic mean?
To release heat energy / thermal energy.
Stem cell
An unspecialised body cell that can develop into other specialised cells that the body needs.
Therapeutic cloning
The process of creating stem cells with the same genes as the patient through nuclear transfer.
Therapeutic cloning involves the transfer of a nucleus from a patient’s body cell into…
…a denucleated body cell from a donor.
Match:
1) Conditions suitable for aerobic respiration.
2) Carbon dioxide bubbles produced.
3) Air runs out; yeast expires anaerobically.
4) Alcohol evaporates.
a) Mixture is transferred to oven.
b) Baked at high temperature.
c) Yeast is mixed with flour and sugar.
d) Mixture is left to rise.
1d
2c
3b
4a
What is the magnification triangle?
fvs
How should a student prepare an uncontaminated culture of bacteria in the petri dish?
Wash hands using soap and water to get rid of germs.
Spreading tool should be sterilised by being put in ethanol so no other sources of bacteria contaminate the culture.
Lid should be taped shut so that bacteria a from the air won’t contaminate the culture, but not all around so that if any bacteria went on the culture it won’t be able to grow.
Petri dish is inverted so that no water vapours go on the agar jelly which may lead to contaminating the culture and so that the water vapour and culture won’t leak out.
Dish kept in autoclave at 30°C so that that bacteria won’t grow and if any pathogenic bacteria that got in it won’t grow too.
One bacteria has a large zone of inhibition, why might it not be the best disinfectant?
We don’t know the efficacy of the disinfectant.
There might be other bacteria in the house.
Why do plant cells contain mitochondria but bacterial cells do nt have mitochondria?
Plant cells have mitochondria for respiration.
Bacterial cells do respiration in the cytoplasm.
