1 Cells

Question 1

Cells…

Answer 1

the basic building blocks of all living organisms

Question 2

Tissue

Answer 2

A group of cells with a similar structure and function.

Question 3

Organs

Answer 3

Aggregations of tissues performing specific functions

Question 4

Organs are…

Answer 4

organised into organ systems, which work together to form organisms.

Question 5

As an organism develops…

Answer 5

cells differentiate to form different types of cells.

Question 6

Organisation with examples

Answer 6

Cell - muscle cell
Tissue - muscle
Organ - heart
Organ system - circulatory system
Organism - human

Question 7

Convert from mm to μm.

Answer 7

x1000

Question 8

Convert from μm to nm.

Answer 8

x1000

Question 9

Which is bigger, 1μm or 1nm?

Answer 9

1μm

Question 10

State the equations for aerobic respiration.

Answer 10

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 11

State the equations for anaerobic respiration in:

1) Animal cells and bacteria
2) Plants or yeast

Answer 11

1) glucose → lactic acid + energy

2) lactic acid → carbon dioxide + water

Question 12

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 12

A set of exothermic chemical reactions which take place continually in the mitochondria of all living cells. . The chemical reactions use oxygen to release the energy from food (like glucose).

Question 13

What does exothermic mean?

Answer 13

To release heat energy / thermal energy.

Question 14

Stem cell

Answer 14

An unspecialised body cell that can develop into other specialised cells that the body needs.

Question 15

Therapeutic cloning

Answer 15

The process of creating stem cells with the same genes as the patient through nuclear transfer.

Question 16

Therapeutic cloning involves the transfer of a nucleus from a patient’s body cell into…

Answer 16

…a denucleated body cell from a donor.

Question 17

Match:

1) Conditions suitable for aerobic respiration.
2) Carbon dioxide bubbles produced.
3) Air runs out; yeast expires anaerobically.
4) Alcohol evaporates.

a) Mixture is transferred to oven.
b) Baked at high temperature.
c) Yeast is mixed with flour and sugar.
d) Mixture is left to rise.

Answer 17

1d
2c
3b
4a

Question 18

What is the magnification triangle?

Answer 18

fvs

Question 19

How should a student prepare an uncontaminated culture of bacteria in the petri dish?

Answer 19

Wash hands using soap and water to get rid of germs.
Spreading tool should be sterilised by being put in ethanol so no other sources of bacteria contaminate the culture.
Lid should be taped shut so that bacteria a from the air won’t contaminate the culture, but not all around so that if any bacteria went on the culture it won’t be able to grow.
Petri dish is inverted so that no water vapours go on the agar jelly which may lead to contaminating the culture and so that the water vapour and culture won’t leak out.
Dish kept in autoclave at 30°C so that that bacteria won’t grow and if any pathogenic bacteria that got in it won’t grow too.

Question 20

One bacteria has a large zone of inhibition, why might it not be the best disinfectant?

Answer 20

We don’t know the efficacy of the disinfectant.

There might be other bacteria in the house.

Question 21

Why do plant cells contain mitochondria but bacterial cells do nt have mitochondria?

Answer 21

Plant cells have mitochondria for respiration.

Bacterial cells do respiration in the cytoplasm.