1. Cells

Question 1

What are the 7 characteristics of living organisms?

Answer 1

1. Movement
2. Respiration
3. Sensitivity
4. Growth
5. Reproduction
6. Excretion
7. Nutrition

Question 2

How much do a light microscope light and an electron microscope magnify?

Answer 2

Light microscope: 1500 times

Electron microscope: 500,000 times

Question 3

The formula for calculating magnification

Answer 3

Magnification = size of image/size of real object

IAM

Question 4

Cell structure

Answer 4

1. Cell membrane
2. Cell wall (plants)
3. Cytoplasm
4. Vacuoles
5. Chloroplasts (plants)
6. Nucleus
7. Mitochondria

Question 5

Size of animal and plant cell

Answer 5

Animal cell: 10-30 micrometers

Plant cell: 10-100 micrometers

Question 6

About cell membrane

Answer 6

1. Very thin layer of protein and fat
2. Controls what goes in and out of it - partially permeable

Question 7

About cell wall

Answer 7

1. Made of cellulose (polysaccharides)
2. Helps to protect and support the cell - stops it from bursting
3. fully permeable

Question 8

About cytoplasm

Answer 8

1. Clear jelly - 70% is water, proteins are dissolved in it (and many others)
2. Many metabolic reactions take place

Question 9

About vacuoles

Answer 9

1. Space in a cell - contains solution of sugars and other substances (cell sap)
2. Presses outwards, helps to keep the cell in shape
3. In animals, much smaller and called vesicles

Question 10

About chloroplasts

Answer 10

1. Contains green pigment called chlorophyll
2. Chlorophyll traps light energy from sunlight (used to make food by photosynthesis)

Question 11

About nucleus

Answer 11

1. Contains chromosomes (made of DNA) where genetic information is stored
2. Helps the cell to make the right sorts of proteins
3. Chromosomes cannot easily be seen with the electron microscope but they are visible when the cell is dividing (becomes short and thick)

Question 12

About mitochondria

Answer 12

1. Made of phospholipid bilayers and proteins.
2. Produce ATP

Question 13

Specialized cells names, functions, locations

Answer 13

1. Root hair cells
   - Ends of plant roots
   - Absorbs water and mineral salts
2. Palisade mesophyll cells
   - Beneath the epidermis of a leaf
   - Photosynthesis
3. Red blood cells
   - In the blood of mammals
   - Transport oxygen
4. Sperm and egg cells
   - Tests and ovaries
   - Fuse together to produce a zygote
5. Ciliated cells
   - lining the trachea and bronchi
   - move mucus upward