1 - Cell Structure Flashcards
Define a Eukaryotic cell
An organism who contain a cell nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes
Define a Prokaryotic cell
A unicellular organism that does not contain a membrane bound nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria
What are found in simple animal cells?
- Nucleus
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
What are found in plant cells?
- Nucleus
- Ribosomes
- Cellulose cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Cytoplasm
- Permanent Vacuole
- Chloroplasts
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the activity of the cell. Contains the genetic information from the chromosomes.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
A liquid gel in which most chemical reactions take place
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria?
where oxygen is used and energy is released through aerobic respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes?
where protein synthesis takes place
What is the function of the cellulose cell wall?
Gives the cell support and a rigid structure
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
Where photosynthesis takes place
What is the function of the permanent vacuole?
The space where cell sap is stored. Helps keep the cell rigid and supported.
What are found in Bacteria cells?
- Plasmids
- Genetic material
- Slime capsule
- Flagella
- Cytoplasm
- Cell wall
What is the plasmid?
Circular double strand molecules which carry information and DNA
What is the slime capsule?
Surrounds the cell to provide extra protection e.g in a place which is very acidic
What are the flagella?
A long strand of protein which helps the bacteria to move around (singular. Flagellum)
What is the bacterial cell wall?
Helps the cell keep a rigid structure. Made of peptidoglycan.
What is the genetic material?
Long strands of DNA which hold a circular shape
What is found in both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes?
- Ribosomes
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
What is the magnification calculation?
Magnification = Image size ÷ Actual size
What is cell differentiation?
Differentiation is where a cell specialises in order to work for a certain function
What are the difference between electron and light microscopes?
Electron microscopes have a higher magnification and a higher resolution however they are extremely expensive and require certain storing conditions. Light microscopes are cheap but can’t view above 2000x.
What is the specialisation of spermatozoa cells?
They have lots of mitochondria for energy, digestive enzymes to get through the egg cell wall and a flagellum for movement
What is the specialisation of fat cells?
They have low cytoplasm, few mitochondria increasing space for fat stores and they are capable of expanding 1000x their original size
What is the specialisation of root hair cells?
They have a large surface area and a large amount of mitochondria providing energy for active transport
What is the relative size of bacterial cells?
1μm
