1 - Cell Structure

Question 1

Define a Eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

An organism who contain a cell nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes

Question 2

Define a Prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

A unicellular organism that does not contain a membrane bound nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria

Question 3

What are found in simple animal cells?

Answer 3

• Nucleus
• Ribosomes
• Mitochondria
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm

Question 4

What are found in plant cells?

Answer 4

• Nucleus
• Ribosomes
• Cellulose cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Mitochondria
• Cytoplasm
• Permanent Vacuole
• Chloroplasts

Question 5

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 5

Controls the activity of the cell. Contains the genetic information from the chromosomes.

Question 6

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 6

A liquid gel in which most chemical reactions take place

Question 7

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 8

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 8

where oxygen is used and energy is released through aerobic respiration

Question 9

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 9

where protein synthesis takes place

Question 10

What is the function of the cellulose cell wall?

Answer 10

Gives the cell support and a rigid structure

Question 11

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 11

Where photosynthesis takes place

Question 12

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 12

The space where cell sap is stored. Helps keep the cell rigid and supported.

Question 13

What are found in Bacteria cells?

Answer 13

• Plasmids
• Genetic material
• Slime capsule
• Flagella
• Cytoplasm
• Cell wall

Question 14

What is the plasmid?

Answer 14

Circular double strand molecules which carry information and DNA

Question 15

What is the slime capsule?

Answer 15

Surrounds the cell to provide extra protection e.g in a place which is very acidic

Question 16

What are the flagella?

Answer 16

A long strand of protein which helps the bacteria to move around (singular. Flagellum)

Question 17

What is the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 17

Helps the cell keep a rigid structure. Made of peptidoglycan.

Question 18

What is the genetic material?

Answer 18

Long strands of DNA which hold a circular shape

Question 19

What is found in both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes?

Answer 19

• Ribosomes
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm

Question 20

What is the magnification calculation?

Answer 20

Magnification = Image size ÷ Actual size

Question 21

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 21

Differentiation is where a cell specialises in order to work for a certain function

Question 22

What are the difference between electron and light microscopes?

Answer 22

Electron microscopes have a higher magnification and a higher resolution however they are extremely expensive and require certain storing conditions. Light microscopes are cheap but can’t view above 2000x.

Question 23

What is the specialisation of spermatozoa cells?

Answer 23

They have lots of mitochondria for energy, digestive enzymes to get through the egg cell wall and a flagellum for movement

Question 24

What is the specialisation of fat cells?

Answer 24

They have low cytoplasm, few mitochondria increasing space for fat stores and they are capable of expanding 1000x their original size

Question 25

What is the specialisation of root hair cells?

Answer 25

They have a large surface area and a large amount of mitochondria providing energy for active transport

Question 26

What is the relative size of bacterial cells?

Answer 26

1μm