1. Cell Structure

Question 1

Magnification formula

Answer 1

I / AM

Question 2

Resolution definition

Answer 2

the ability to distinguish between two objects very close together; the higher the resolution of an image the greater the detail that can be seen

Question 3

Magnification definition

Answer 3

the number of times greater that an image is than the the actual object

Question 4

Cell surface membrane structure

Answer 4

composed of phospholipids and protein; surrounds cell (about 7nm thick)

Question 5

Cell surface membrane function

Answer 5

partially permeable; controls movement of substances into and out of the cell; allows cells to interact with each other and to respond to signals from outside the cell

Question 6

Nucleus structure

Answer 6

surrounded by a double membrane, the nuclear envelope; in cytoplasm, usually one per cell (about 5-10 μm in diameter)

Question 7

Nucleus function

Answer 7

contains the hereditary material (DNA) coding for the synthesis of proteins in the cytoplasm

Question 8

Nucleolus structure

Answer 8

one to several in nucleus (1-2 μm in diameter)

Question 9

Nucleolus function

Answer 9

synthesises ribosomal RNA and makes ribosomes

Question 10

Rough endoplasmic reticulum structure

Answer 10

covered with ribosomes, membranes enclose compartments (sacs); throughout cytoplasm (membranes about 4nm thick)

Question 11

Rough endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 11

transport proteins synthesised on the ribosomes

Question 12

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum structure

Question 13

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 13

synthesises and transports lipid molecules

Question 14

Golgi body structure

Question 15

Golgi body function

Answer 15

synthesises glycoproteins; packages proteins for export from the cell

Question 16

Mitochondria structure

Question 17

Mitochondria function

Answer 17

produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by aerobic respiration

Question 18

Ribosomes structure

Question 19

Ribosomes function

Answer 19

site of protein synthesis

Question 20

Lysosomes structure

Question 21

Lysosomes function

Answer 21

digests unwanted materials and worn-out organelles

Question 22

Centrioles structure

Question 23

Centrioles function

Answer 23

microtubule organising centre; involved with the formation of the spindle during nuclear division; exact function unknown

Question 24

Microtubules structure

Question 25

Microtubules function

Answer 25

involved in movement of organelles

Question 26

Chloroplasts structure

Question 27

Chloroplasts function

Answer 27

site of photosynthesis

Question 28

Cell wall structure

Question 29

Cell wall function

Answer 29

supports plant cell and maintains its shape

Question 30

Plasmodesmata structure

Question 31

Plasmodesmata function

Answer 31

allows movement of materials between cells

Question 32

Vacuole structure

Question 33

Vacuole function

Answer 33

contains various solutes such as sugars, mineral salts and pigments

Question 34

Key structural features of a prokaryotic cell (6)

Answer 34

Unicellular
Generally 1-5 μm
Peptidoglycan cell walls
Circular DNA
70S ribosomes
Absence of double-membraned organelles