1. cell organelles + the plasma membrane

Question 1

prokaryotes

Answer 1

single-celled organisms with no nucleus and a circular loop of DNA.

Question 2

eukaryotes

Answer 2

single or multi celled organisms with a nucleus and linear strands of DNA.

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

protects DNA of a cell

Question 4

nucleolus

Answer 4

site of ribosome production

Question 5

ribosomes

Answer 5

small structures of rRNA that assemble the building blocks to make proteins.

Question 6

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

sacs coated in ribosomes. ribosomes allow RER to synthesise and modify proteins

Question 7

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

sacs not coated in ribosomes. SER is responsible for production of lipids in a cell

Question 8

golgi apparatus

Answer 8

stacked flattened sacs which are the sites of protein sorting, packaging and modification

Question 9

lysosome

Answer 9

vesicle that contains digestive enzymes. lysosome is responsible for breaking down cell waste.

Question 10

vacuole

Answer 10

sac used for water/solute storage.

Question 11

mitochondrion

Answer 11

primary site of energy production (aerobic cellular respiration)

Question 12

chloroplast

Answer 12

organelle that contains sites which are the sites of photosynthesis.

Question 13

compare plant and animal cells.

Answer 13

• animal cells do not have a cell wall.
• animal cells do not have chloroplasts
• animal cells have small vacuoles and plant cells have one large vacuole.

Question 14

plasma membrane

Answer 14

semipermeable barrier dividing intra- and extra-cellular environments.

Question 15

describe the plasma membrane.

Answer 15

• made up of a phospholipid bilayer
• phospholipids contain a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic fatty acid tail
• bilayer contains membrane proteins assisting in transportation

Question 16

three types of passive transport

Answer 16

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Question 17

simple diffusion

Answer 17

molecules moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to kinetic energy stored in molecules.

Question 18

facilitated diffusion

Answer 18

molecules are too large/charged to cross, therefore a protein is used to transport the molecule
(eg. channel proteins let specific proteins through, carrier proteins bind to the molecule and change their shape)

Question 19

osmosis

Answer 19

diffusion of water from an area of low solute (high solvent) to a high solute (low solvent) concentration.

Question 20

define hypertonic and hypotonic

Answer 20

hypertonic solutions have comparatively high solute concentrations.
hypotonic solutions have comparatively low solute concentrations.