1. Cell Components

Question 1

Describe the main differences between a prokaryotic and an eukaryotic cell.

Answer 1

No mitochondria or chloroplasts in prokaryotic cells.

mitosis vs binary fission

no membrane bound organelles

continous DNA loop in prokaryotes, contained to nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells.

Question 2

What is anaemia?

Answer 2

Reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

Due to blood loss, reduced RBC production or increased RBC breakdown.

S+S: weakness, lethargy, SOB, feeling faint.

Question 3

What are inclusion bodies?

Answer 3

Non metabolically active parts of the cell, which reside in the cytosol and do not survive cell division.

Question 4

Give 4 functions of the plasmalemma.

Answer 4

1. communication with receptors on outer surface.
2. protection to the contents of the cell.
3. physical barrier between internal/external.
4. selectively permeable.

Note: Plasmalemma = plasma membrane.

Question 5

What is a polyribosome?

Answer 5

A collection of ribosomes attached to an mRNA strand.

Question 6

What are peroxisomes?

Answer 6

Membrane bound organelles that oxidise organic substances.

Removes hydrogen ions from the organic matter, leading to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) forming.

H2O2 broken down by enzymes to prevent damage.

Releases oxygen atom into the cell.

Question 7

What are the 2 faces of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 7

Cis face where vesicles arrive.

Trans face where vesicles leave.

Question 8

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 8

Comprised of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments.

Microtubules are involved in movement in the cell, as well as cell division as spindle fibres.