1 Cell Biology - Specialised Cells Flashcards
Explain the use of a tail in sperm cells.
To swim and move around (to reach the egg)
Why do sperm cells have lots of mitochondria?
To provide lots of energy for swimming
Describe the adaptations of a nerve cell.
Lots of dendrites; Long axon
What is the function of a nerve cell?
Carry electrical impulses
How does having a long axon help neurones with their function?
Carry electrical impulses over long distances
Describe how a muscle cell is adapted for its function.
Special proteins for contraction; Many mitochondria for energy; Store glycogen to release glucose for respiration
Root hair cells have lots of mitochondria to release energy. What is the energy used for?
Active transport of mineral ions into root hair cells
How do the extensions in root hair cells help with their function?
Increase surface area for diffusion of water
What is another name for photosynthetic cells in plants?
Palisade mesophyll cells and spongey mesophyl
How are photosynthetic cells adapted for photosynthesis?
Lots of chloroplasts with chlorophyll to absorb light
Which specialised cell in plants make up the tissue for transporting water?
Xylem cells
Name the substance found in xylem cells that allows the cells to withstand high water pressure.
Lignin
State a difference in structure between xylem and phloem.
X: dead, hollow tube, has lignin; P: living, has sieve plates, no lignin
