1. Cell Biology

Question 1

What are 5 differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

Answer 1

• eukaryotes have a nucleus (prokaryotes don’t)
• eukaryotes have a mitochondria (prokaryotes don’t)
• eukaryotes have DNA in chromosomes, prokaryotes have naked DNA
• prokaryotes have smaller cells
• prokaryotes make up bacteria, eukaryotes make up plants and animals

Question 2

What is cell theory?

Answer 2

• all things are made up of cells

- cells come from existing cells

Question 3

What is the function of;

• chloroplasts
• nucleus
• mitochondria
• Golgi Body
• cell membrane
• ribosome

Answer 3

• site of photosynthesis
• controls cell activities
• site of ATP respiration
• packages and secretes protein
• protects the cell, moves materials in and out of the cell (passive and active transport)
• produces protein (site of protein synthesis)

Question 4

What are 3 differences between animal and plant cells?

Answer 4

• plant cells have larger vacuoles
• plant cells have chloroplasts
• plant cells have a cell wall

Question 5

What is a cell membrane and bilipid layer?

Answer 5

• cell membranes form a boundary between the cells environment and the content of the cells
• the bilipid layer if formed through a protein layer, hydrophilic (attracted to water) heads and hydrophobic (repelled by water) tails, and a second protein layer

Question 6

What is diffusion?

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 6

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from substances of high concentration to substances of lower concentration.

Facilitated diffusion is where the movement of molecules through a semi-permeable membrane is aided by a protein channel

Question 7

What is osmosis?

Answer 7

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

Question 8

What are the main differences between Passive and Active Transport?

Answer 8

• active transport requires energy (ATP), whereas passive transport doesn’t require energy
• passive transport occurs down concentration gradient, while active transport occurs against concentration gradient

Question 9

Solutions

What is hypertonic?

What is isotonic?

What is hypotonic?

Answer 9

• Hypertonic: when a plant is based in a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell. The cytoplasm shrinks, becoming plasmolyzed, and the plant will wilt
• Isotonic: there is an equal exchange of water between the solution and plant, the plant becomes flaccid but lives
• Hypotonic: when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, it will gain water and expand to become turgid

Question 10

What is Endocytosis?

What is Exocytosis?

Answer 10

• Endocytosis: cells absorb large molecules (food) by engulfing them (requires ATP energy)
• Exocytosis: cells expel waste through a reverted process