1. Britain and the colonies 1760-1763

Question 1

Which states were grouped as New England?

Answer 1

Massachusetts, New hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut

Question 2

Which states were grouped as middle states?

Answer 2

Pennsylvania, New york, New Jersey, Delaware

Question 3

Which states were grouped as southern states?

Answer 3

Georgia, South Carolina, North carolina, Virginia, Maryland

Question 4

What was the approximate population of the 13 colonies in 1760? What fraction of the population was English?

Answer 4

2.3 million total, approximately half were of English heritage.

Question 5

What was the colony with the largest population in 1763?

Answer 5

500,000 in Virginia

Question 6

What was the colony with the smallest population?

Answer 6

30,000 in Georgia

Question 7

Approximately how many people immigrated to the 13 colonies between 1700 and 1763?

Answer 7

About 400,000

Question 8

1. List the four main Factors behind the mass population growth in the colonies in the 18th century?

Answer 8

• High Birth Rate
• Low death rate
• Immigration
• Land excess allowed for growth and expansion

Question 9

2. Name the 5 largest towns in the colonies in 1760?

Answer 9

1. Boston 2. Philadelphia 3. New York 4. Newport 5. Charleston

Question 10

3. To what extent did colonies govern themselves in 1760?

Answer 10

In some aspects

• The governor was chosen by the king who chose upper house.
• Lower house elected by very wide franchise.
• Colonies usually left to own devices.

Question 11

4. How democratic were colonial governments in 1763?

Answer 11

• Between 50 and 90% of white men could vote in every state
• Elected house representatives made local decisions
• In some New England states, local matters were decided by democratic town meetings.

Question 12

5. What is salutary neglect?

Answer 12

• Britain mostly left the colonies alone (friendly relationship with little interaction).
• 3000 miles apart made it hard to govern.

Question 13

6. Why did the colonies economy grow between 1650 and 1770?

Answer 13

• Increased interstate trade.
• Credit from britain to support manufacturing of certain goods.
• Population increase meant more farms and more businesses.
• More overseas demand for things produced in the colonies.

Question 14

What was the hat act? And when was it passed?

Answer 14

Hat act of 1732 prohibited colonial production of hats which competed with British production. Limited economic growth in New England.

Question 15

7a. What were the main sources of trade in New England?

Answer 15

Fisheries, Distilleries, Shipbuilding

Question 16

7b. What were the main sources of trade for the middle colonies?

Answer 16

Wheat and flour

Question 17

7c. What were the main areas of trade for the Southern colonies?

Answer 17

Tobacco, Rice, Indigo, Grain (plantation crops)

Question 18

8. To what extent were the colonies financially linked to Britain?

Answer 18

• Mostly traded with Britain and the empire not other colonies.
• Colonial cargo had to travel in British ships via Britain.
• Imports also came via Britain.
  Mercantilism

Question 19

9. What role did colonists play in the war of Austrian succession?

Answer 19

• Colonists fought the French in North America

Question 20

10. What was the significance of the 1754 Albany Conference?

Answer 20

• Colonies worked together and outlined ideas for intercolonial confederation
• Prompted by problems with Native American skirmishes

Question 21

11. Why did the 7 years war turn in Britain’s favour?

Answer 21

• William Pitt taking over war effort

- Wolfe and Frederick as new leaders

Question 22

12. What were the significant terms of the Peace treaty of Paris (after 7 years war)?

Answer 22

• Britain gets Canada from the French and French Caribbean

- Spain gets Louisiana

Question 23

13. What were effects of the 7 years war?

Answer 23

• Britain is the world’s largest imperial power
• Colonists are trained as soldiers
• New frontier lands for colonists
• Colonies less dependent on Britain

Question 24

14. What was the British social situation by 1763?

Answer 24

• Hierarchical

- Growing but divided middle class

Question 25

15. What was the British political system by 1763?

Answer 25

- Parliamentary monarch | - Reduced power of monarch but still held active political role

Question 26

16. What was the British economic situation by 1763?

Answer 26

- Largest Trading Nation - Giant debt from 7 years war - Industrial revolution starting - High costs of America

Question 27

17. Name 3 reasons why Britain was not democratic in the 1760s?

Answer 27

- Rich land owners often decided who had political power - Very small franchise - MPs spread disproportionately

Question 28

18. How did political parties function in Britain in 1763?

Answer 28

- Whigs and tories but most politicians were Whigs | - Very unstable

Question 29

19. What were the signs of a weakening relationship by 1763?

Answer 29

- Colonies developing quickly - Immigration weakened British ties to population - Growing colonial identity - Economic ties forming between colonies - Fear of French removed, less dependant on Britain

Question 30

20. What were the signs of a strong relationship by 1763?

Answer 30

- Common institutions between colonies were all British e.g. language, law, monarchy - Britain treated colonies in an easy going way - Americans were loyal during war - Loyalties were to colonies , then Britain, not to 'America'

Question 31

How many colonists fought for Britain during the 7 years war?

Answer 31

approx 75,000

Question 32

How did members of the upper house in the colonies get their position?

Answer 32

Appointed by the govenor

Question 33

How did members of the lower house in the colonies get their position?

Answer 33

Elected by franchise

Question 34

What were the exceptions where colonial governors were not chosen by the Monarch

Answer 34

- Proprietary colonies where the proprietor chose governor (Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware) - Corporate colonies where they were elected (New Jersey, Connecticut)

Question 35

How many miles apart were Britain and the 13 colonies?

Answer 35

Approx 3000 miles