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Birth of the USA > 1. Britain and the colonies 1760-1763 > Flashcards

1. Britain and the colonies 1760-1763 Flashcards

1
Q

Which states were grouped as New England?

A

Massachusetts, New hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut

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2
Q

Which states were grouped as middle states?

A

Pennsylvania, New york, New Jersey, Delaware

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3
Q

Which states were grouped as southern states?

A

Georgia, South Carolina, North carolina, Virginia, Maryland

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4
Q

What was the approximate population of the 13 colonies in 1760? What fraction of the population was English?

A

2.3 million total, approximately half were of English heritage.

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5
Q

What was the colony with the largest population in 1763?

A

500,000 in Virginia

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6
Q

What was the colony with the smallest population?

A

30,000 in Georgia

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7
Q

Approximately how many people immigrated to the 13 colonies between 1700 and 1763?

A

About 400,000

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8
Q
  1. List the four main Factors behind the mass population growth in the colonies in the 18th century?
A
  • High Birth Rate
  • Low death rate
  • Immigration
  • Land excess allowed for growth and expansion
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9
Q
  1. Name the 5 largest towns in the colonies in 1760?
A
  1. Boston 2. Philadelphia 3. New York 4. Newport 5. Charleston
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10
Q
  1. To what extent did colonies govern themselves in 1760?
A

In some aspects

  • The governor was chosen by the king who chose upper house.
  • Lower house elected by very wide franchise.
  • Colonies usually left to own devices.
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11
Q
  1. How democratic were colonial governments in 1763?
A
  • Between 50 and 90% of white men could vote in every state
  • Elected house representatives made local decisions
  • In some New England states, local matters were decided by democratic town meetings.
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12
Q
  1. What is salutary neglect?
A
  • Britain mostly left the colonies alone (friendly relationship with little interaction).
  • 3000 miles apart made it hard to govern.
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13
Q
  1. Why did the colonies economy grow between 1650 and 1770?
A
  • Increased interstate trade.
  • Credit from britain to support manufacturing of certain goods.
  • Population increase meant more farms and more businesses.
  • More overseas demand for things produced in the colonies.
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14
Q

What was the hat act? And when was it passed?

A

Hat act of 1732 prohibited colonial production of hats which competed with British production. Limited economic growth in New England.

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15
Q

7a. What were the main sources of trade in New England?

A

Fisheries, Distilleries, Shipbuilding

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16
Q

7b. What were the main sources of trade for the middle colonies?

A

Wheat and flour

17
Q

7c. What were the main areas of trade for the Southern colonies?

A

Tobacco, Rice, Indigo, Grain (plantation crops)

18
Q
  1. To what extent were the colonies financially linked to Britain?
A
  • Mostly traded with Britain and the empire not other colonies.
  • Colonial cargo had to travel in British ships via Britain.
  • Imports also came via Britain.
    Mercantilism
19
Q
  1. What role did colonists play in the war of Austrian succession?
A
  • Colonists fought the French in North America
20
Q
  1. What was the significance of the 1754 Albany Conference?
A
  • Colonies worked together and outlined ideas for intercolonial confederation
  • Prompted by problems with Native American skirmishes
21
Q
  1. Why did the 7 years war turn in Britain’s favour?
A
  • William Pitt taking over war effort

- Wolfe and Frederick as new leaders

22
Q
  1. What were the significant terms of the Peace treaty of Paris (after 7 years war)?
A
  • Britain gets Canada from the French and French Caribbean

- Spain gets Louisiana

23
Q
  1. What were effects of the 7 years war?
A
  • Britain is the world’s largest imperial power
  • Colonists are trained as soldiers
  • New frontier lands for colonists
  • Colonies less dependent on Britain
24
Q
  1. What was the British social situation by 1763?
A
  • Hierarchical

- Growing but divided middle class

25
Q
  1. What was the British political system by 1763?
A
  • Parliamentary monarch

- Reduced power of monarch but still held active political role

26
Q
  1. What was the British economic situation by 1763?
A
  • Largest Trading Nation
  • Giant debt from 7 years war
  • Industrial revolution starting
  • High costs of America
27
Q
  1. Name 3 reasons why Britain was not democratic in the 1760s?
A
  • Rich land owners often decided who had political power
  • Very small franchise
  • MPs spread disproportionately
28
Q
  1. How did political parties function in Britain in 1763?
A
  • Whigs and tories but most politicians were Whigs

- Very unstable

29
Q
  1. What were the signs of a weakening relationship by 1763?
A
  • Colonies developing quickly
  • Immigration weakened British ties to population
  • Growing colonial identity
  • Economic ties forming between colonies
  • Fear of French removed, less dependant on Britain
30
Q
  1. What were the signs of a strong relationship by 1763?
A
  • Common institutions between colonies were all British e.g. language, law, monarchy
  • Britain treated colonies in an easy going way
  • Americans were loyal during war
  • Loyalties were to colonies , then Britain, not to ‘America’
31
Q

How many colonists fought for Britain during the 7 years war?

A

approx 75,000

32
Q

How did members of the upper house in the colonies get their position?

A

Appointed by the govenor

33
Q

How did members of the lower house in the colonies get their position?

A

Elected by franchise

34
Q

What were the exceptions where colonial governors were not chosen by the Monarch

A
  • Proprietary colonies where the proprietor chose governor (Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware)
  • Corporate colonies where they were elected (New Jersey, Connecticut)
35
Q

How many miles apart were Britain and the 13 colonies?

A

Approx 3000 miles

Birth of the USA (6 decks)

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