1 - Biomolecules and Water Flashcards
What final product do amino and carbs become??
amino acids —> proteins —> ribosomes (protein and RNA
carbohydrates —> polydsacchrides —> chromatin
Nucleotides and lipids —> nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) —> membranes
What kind of bonds are used for biopolymers?
All use covalent bonds:
- Amino acids — peptide bonds—-> proteins
- Nucleotides —> phosphodiester bonds—> nucleic acids
- Monosaccharides —> glycosidic bond —> polysaccharide
H bonds and water info
- Can form max of 4 H bonds
- has 2 H bond acceptors (s-) —-> O or electro(-) atom
- has 2 H bond donors (s+) —-> is a H atom attached to a more electro(-) atom
- uneven electron distribution = pemenant dipole
Why is water highly cohesive?
BC it can form 4 H-bonds = highly cohesive, therfore has a liquid crystalline structure = higher bp
What kind of interaction is made from the power meme at dipole
A strong electrostatic interaction
Lengths of bonds
H-bond is shorter then van der waal but on get then covalent
Whihc functional groups make H-bonds?
COO-, NH2+, OH-
O and N are acceptors (with lone pairs)
Non covalent interactions
1) SALT BRIDGES / ION PAIRS: ionic interactions bw charged mol like carboxyl and amine
Is per meme at dipole charged?
No
Vdw forces
Dipole-dipole forces - weak
What are hydrophobic interactions
Van der waal interactions are a type of electrostatic interaction between UNCHARGED and hydrophobic molecules
- dipole-dipole (permenant or induced)
- London dispersion forced
- weak
- only when atoms very close together
What kind of bond needed to stick to walls?
Van der waal interactions bc of their sheer magnitude they are able to do things like this.
Hydrophobic effect
Maximizes entropy by maximizing the number of potential H-bonds.
- hydrophobic substance enters water = H2O aggregate around substance = layers = maximizes entropy and H bonds.
Which of the following accurately describes the hydrophobic effect?
A. Hydrophobic bonds are the association of nonpolar
molecules or groups with other nonpolar molecules
B. Nonpolar molecules interrupt the hydrogen-bonding
pattern of water
C. Water molecules that surround a less polar molecule
are more restricted in their interactions with other water
molecules
D. B and C
E. All of the above
D
Amphiphilic molecules experience
hydrophilic interactions and the hydrophobic effect.
