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Year 9 Science > 1. Biology-Genetics > Flashcards

1. Biology-Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the nucleus of an animal cell contain ?

A

DNA (chromosomes)

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2
Q

What does a chromosome contain

A

Strands of DNA

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3
Q

What is variation?

A

Difference between individuals of the same species

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of variation ?

A

-Genetic (Inherited) Variation
-Environmental Variation

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5
Q

Can differences have both genetic and environmental causes ?

A

Yes, there can be both

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6
Q

Where is genetic material (DNA) stored in all cells

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

How are strands lf DNA arranged ?

A

Chromosomes

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8
Q

How many chromosome are in each cell ?
How are they arranged?

A

There are 46 chromosomes and they are arranged in 23 pairs.
Half of the chromosomes come from mom and the other half come from dad.

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9
Q

What’s the order of sizes of genes, DNA, chromosomes, cell and nucleus ?

A

Biggest: Cell
Nucleus
DNA
Chromosomes
Smallest: Genes

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10
Q

How did scientists found about the structure of DNA ?

A

Wilkins and Franklin use x-rays to find the structure of DNA. The image they took helped Watson and Crick find out that the structure of DNA is like a twisted ladder, also known as a double helix.

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11
Q

What are genes ?

A

Genes are the coding regions in the chromosomes
Genes control our characteristics

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12
Q

We inherit two forms of a gene.(One from dad and one from mom). What is one form of the gene called

A

Allele

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13
Q

What is an allele

A

A different form of a gene

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14
Q

Definition of dominant and recessive alleles.

A

-Dominant alleles are always expressed even if only one of the genes are dominant. E.g. Bb or BB
-Recessive alleles are expressed if there are two recessive genes E.g. bb

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15
Q

What is a gamete

A

Reproductive cell of an animal or plant

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16
Q

Why is a homozygote cell called that

A

Because both of its alleles are the same

17
Q

Why is a heterozygous cell called that

A

Both of their alleles are different

18
Q

Definiton of Genotype

A

Describes the alleles of an individual e.g. BB,tt,SS

19
Q

Definition of Phenotype

A

Describes the physical appearance of an individual E.g. blue eyes, brown hair

Year 9 Science (1 decks)

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