1. Biology & Behavior Flashcards
Franz Gall
- psych linked to brain anatomy
- phrenology founder
Pierrre Flourens
- studied brain functions
- extirpation/ablations
Williams James
- founder of american psych
- functionalism founder
- how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments
John Dewey
- functionalism
- study of the organism as a whole in its environment
- critized reflex arc concept
Paul Broca
- broca’s area
- studied specific impairments of specific brain lesions
Herman von Helmholtz
- early link bet. behavior and nervous system activity (nerve impulse, reaction time)
Sir Charles Sherrington
- thought of the existance of synapses
- thought it an electrical process
Interneurons
- mostly in brain and spinal chord
- most abundant of the neurons
- linked to reflexive behavior (reflex arcs/neural circuits)
Sympathetic Nervous System (7)
- decreases digestion and peristasis
- redistributes blood
- increases blood glucose concentration
- relaxes bronchi
- releases epinephrine
- stimulates sweating
- secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline
Parasympathetic Nervous System (4)
- role: conserve energy
- stimulates flow of saliva
- contracts bladder
- neurotransmitter = acetylcoline
Corpus callosum
C
Thalamus
E
Hypothalamus
F
Pituitary Gland
G
Midbrain
H
Pons
J
Medulla Oblogata
K
Cerebellum
L
Hyppocampus
5
Amygdala
Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Myelencephalon, Metencephalon
brain stem
hindbrain, midbrain, most primitive region
limbic system
group of neural structures associated with emotion and memory
cerebral cortex
most recent development
- language processing
- problem solving
- impulse control
- long-term planning
basal ganglia
movement
thalamus (function)
sensory relay station
hypothalamus (function)
hunger and thirst; emotion
sensimotor reflexes (structure)
inferior (auditory sensory info) and superior (visual sensory input) colliculi (mid brain)
cerebellum (function)
refined mmotor movements
medulla oblongota (function)
heart, vital reflexes (vomiting, coughing_
reticular formation (function)
arousal and alertness
pons (function)
communicating within the brain, breathing
cortical maps
using electrical stimulations and recording brain activity
EEG (Electron-cephalogram)
study of electrical activity caused by large groups of neurons
rCBF
(reginal cerebral blood flow) detects broad patterns of neural activity based on increase blood flow to different brain regions (noninvasive)
CT
(computed tomography/CAT - computed axial tomography)
- multiple x-rays at different angles, processed to produce cross-sectional image of tissue
PET
(position emission tomography scan)
- radioactive sugar injected, dispersion and uptake throughout the target tissue is imaged
MRI
(magnetic resonance imaging)
- magnetic fields that interacts with hudrogen atoms are used to map out hydrogen dense regions
fMRI
(functional magnetic resonance imaging)
- measures blood flow changes
- used to motitor neural activity
Hindbrain functions
- balance
- motor coordination
- breathing
- digestion
- general arousal processes (sleeping and waking)
- vital functioning
Midbrain functions
- receives sensory and motor information from the rest of the body
- reflexes to auditory and visual stimulu
Forebrain functions
- complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes
- emotion and memory
Thalamus
- relay station for incoming sensory information (all sense except for smell)
- sorts and sends to appropriate areas
Hypothalamus
- homeostatic functions (self-regulatory processes)
- helps control some endocrine functions
- primary regulator of the autonomic nervous system
- receptors regulate (metabolism, temperature, water balance,)
- 4 F’s (feeding, fighting, flighting, sexual functioning)
- drive behaviors (hunger, thirst, sexual behavior)
