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MCAT Psychology > 1. Biology & Behavior > Flashcards

1. Biology & Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

Franz Gall

A
  • psych linked to brain anatomy
  • phrenology founder
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2
Q

Pierrre Flourens

A
  • studied brain functions
  • extirpation/ablations
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3
Q

Williams James

A
  • founder of american psych
  • functionalism founder
  • how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments
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4
Q

John Dewey

A
  • functionalism
  • study of the organism as a whole in its environment
  • critized reflex arc concept
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5
Q

Paul Broca

A
  • broca’s area
  • studied specific impairments of specific brain lesions
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6
Q

Herman von Helmholtz

A
  • early link bet. behavior and nervous system activity (nerve impulse, reaction time)
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7
Q

Sir Charles Sherrington

A
  • thought of the existance of synapses
  • thought it an electrical process
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7
Q

Interneurons

A
  • mostly in brain and spinal chord
  • most abundant of the neurons
  • linked to reflexive behavior (reflex arcs/neural circuits)
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8
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System (7)

A
  • decreases digestion and peristasis
  • redistributes blood
  • increases blood glucose concentration
  • relaxes bronchi
  • releases epinephrine
  • stimulates sweating
  • secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline
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9
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System (4)

A
  • role: conserve energy
  • stimulates flow of saliva
  • contracts bladder
  • neurotransmitter = acetylcoline
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10
Q

Corpus callosum

A

C

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11
Q

Thalamus

A

E

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

F

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13
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

G

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14
Q

Midbrain

A

H

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15
Q

Pons

A

J

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16
Q

Medulla Oblogata

A

K

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17
Q

Cerebellum

A

L

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18
Q

Hyppocampus

A

5

19
Q

Amygdala

A
20
Q

Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Myelencephalon, Metencephalon

A
21
Q

brain stem

A

hindbrain, midbrain, most primitive region

22
Q

limbic system

A

group of neural structures associated with emotion and memory

23
Q

cerebral cortex

A

most recent development
- language processing
- problem solving
- impulse control
- long-term planning

24
Q

basal ganglia

A

movement

25
Q

thalamus (function)

A

sensory relay station

26
Q

hypothalamus (function)

A

hunger and thirst; emotion

27
Q

sensimotor reflexes (structure)

A

inferior (auditory sensory info) and superior (visual sensory input) colliculi (mid brain)

28
Q

cerebellum (function)

A

refined mmotor movements

29
Q

medulla oblongota (function)

A

heart, vital reflexes (vomiting, coughing_

30
Q

reticular formation (function)

A

arousal and alertness

31
Q

pons (function)

A

communicating within the brain, breathing

32
Q

cortical maps

A

using electrical stimulations and recording brain activity

33
Q

EEG (Electron-cephalogram)

A

study of electrical activity caused by large groups of neurons

34
Q

rCBF

A

(reginal cerebral blood flow) detects broad patterns of neural activity based on increase blood flow to different brain regions (noninvasive)

35
Q

CT

A

(computed tomography/CAT - computed axial tomography)
- multiple x-rays at different angles, processed to produce cross-sectional image of tissue

36
Q

PET

A

(position emission tomography scan)
- radioactive sugar injected, dispersion and uptake throughout the target tissue is imaged

37
Q

MRI

A

(magnetic resonance imaging)
- magnetic fields that interacts with hudrogen atoms are used to map out hydrogen dense regions

38
Q

fMRI

A

(functional magnetic resonance imaging)
- measures blood flow changes
- used to motitor neural activity

39
Q

Hindbrain functions

A
  • balance
  • motor coordination
  • breathing
  • digestion
  • general arousal processes (sleeping and waking)
  • vital functioning
40
Q

Midbrain functions

A
  • receives sensory and motor information from the rest of the body
  • reflexes to auditory and visual stimulu
41
Q

Forebrain functions

A
  • complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes
  • emotion and memory
42
Q

Thalamus

A
  • relay station for incoming sensory information (all sense except for smell)
  • sorts and sends to appropriate areas
43
Q
A
44
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • homeostatic functions (self-regulatory processes)
  • helps control some endocrine functions
  • primary regulator of the autonomic nervous system
  • receptors regulate (metabolism, temperature, water balance,)
  • 4 F’s (feeding, fighting, flighting, sexual functioning)
  • drive behaviors (hunger, thirst, sexual behavior)

MCAT Psychology (1 decks)

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