1 Biology and Behavior (Kaplan)

Question 1

Franz Gall

Answer 1

Earliest theories regarding behavior, intellect, and personality might be linked to brain anatomy.

• Developed doctrine of phrenology
• Believed you could attribute psychological characteristics based on structure of skull.

Question 2

Pierre Flourens

Answer 2

First person to study functions of major sections of the brain.

• Via extirpation on pigeons and rabbits.
• assertion that brain had specific parts with specific functions.

Question 3

William James

Answer 3

-Functionalism: how mental processes hep individuals adapt to their environment

Question 4

John Dewey

Answer 4

• Important figure in functionalism

- Believed psychology should focus on the study of the organism as a whole as it functioned to adapt to the environment.

Question 5

Paul Broca

Answer 5

Contributed to physiological studies by observing patients with brain damage
-Linked specific functional impairments correlated w specific brain lesions

Question 6

Hermann von Hemholtz

Answer 6

Measured speed of nerve impulse

Question 7

Sir Charles Sherrington

Answer 7

Inferred existence of synapses

Question 8

Three Kinds of Nerve Cells

Answer 8

Sensory, motor, interneurons

Question 9

Sensory neurons

Answer 9

Afferent Neurons

-Transmit sensory info from receptors to spinal cord and brain

Question 10

Motor Nuerons

Answer 10

Efferent Neurons

-Transmit motor info from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

Question 11

Interneurons

Answer 11

• Most abundant

- linked to reflexive behavior

Question 12

What two components can the nervous system be broken down into?

Answer 12

Central Nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 13

What two components is the peripheral nervous system composed of?

Answer 13

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 14

Somatic nervous system

Answer 14

Consist of sensory and motor neurons.

Question 15

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 16

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 16

Fight or flight

Question 17

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

rest and digest

Question 18

Meningues

Answer 18

thick sheath of connective tissue that covers the brain. Helps protect the brain, anchor to the skull and reabsorb cerebral fluid.

Question 19

Three layers of meningues

Answer 19

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 20

Where is hindbrain located?

Answer 20

Located where brain meets spinal cord

Question 21

What does Hindbrain control?

Answer 21

Controls balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion, sleeping, and waking.
-Vital functioning necessary for survival.

Question 22

What parts compose of the Hindbrain

Answer 22

Cerebellum, medulla oblongata, reticular formation

Question 23

Cerebellum

Answer 23

Refined motor movements

Question 24

Medulla oblongata

Answer 24

Resp for regulating vital functions (breathing)

Question 25

Pons

Answer 25

Located above the medulla, and contains sensory/motor pathways between cortex and medulla.