1 Biological Molecules

Question 1

High ratio of energy storing carbon hydrogen bonds to carbon atoms

Low mass:energy ratio

Large nonpolar molecules so insoluble

High ratio of H:O atoms so release water when oxidised, important source of water

Answer 1

Structure of triglycerides

Question 2

Cell membranes, they contribute to flexibility and transfer of lipid soluble substances

Source of energy: when oxidised and release H2O

Waterproofing

Insulation

Answer 2

Roles of lipids

Question 3

Polar molecules so form bilayer

Hydrophobic heads help to hold at surface of cell surface membrane

Form glycoliques by combining with carbs, important in cell recognition

Answer 3

Structure of phospholipids

Question 4

Fibrous proteins: structural functions

Globular proteins: carry out metabolic functions

Answer 4

2 types of protein

Question 5

Series of reactions in which each step is catalysed by an enzyme

Answer 5

Metabolic pathways

Question 6

Insoluble

Large molecules (don’t diffuse out of cells)

Cooked/ helical shape

Branches (glucose molecules easily hydrolysed by multiple enzymes working simultaneously)

Answer 6

Starch

Question 7

Polymer of a glucose

Glycosidic bonds

Compact

Insoluble

Branched

Answer 7

Glycogen

Question 8

Cell wall rigidity and shape

B glucose

B glycosidic bonds mean each gluc inverted so many OH grps on each side of molecule- molecules lie parallel to each other and OH on one stagne can form H bonds with OH on other- produces microfibrils- high tensile strength

Answer 8

Cellulose

Question 9

Phosphodiester backbone protects more chemically reactive organic bases inside double helix
Hydrogen bonds link organic base paid forking bridges between two phosphodiester uprights
3H bonds between C and G higher proportion means more stable

Answer 9

Stability of DNA

Question 10

Very stable can pass from gen to gen without change (little mutation)
Strands joined by H bonds, easily separated in dna réplication and protein synthesis
Very large molecule, immense amount of info
Base pairs within helical cylinder of backbone, protected from corruption
Base pairs, dna able to replicate and transfer info as mRNA

Answer 10

DNA adapted to function

Question 11

Glycosidic bonds

Answer 11

Bonds between deoxyribose sugars and bases

Question 12

Phosphodiester bonds

Answer 12

Bonds between deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups

Question 13

Metabolism 
Movement 
Active transport 
Maintenir of cells 
Production of substances e.g. forming lysosomes for secretions to cell products 
Maintenance of body temp 
Activation of molecules

Answer 13

ATP used in …