1 Behavioral Science

Question 1

Type of study that looks at people with disease and people without disease (maybe compare their prior exposures)

What measure to use?

Answer 1

Case control

Odds ratio ad/bc

Question 2

Type of study that looks at a group of people and whether or not they have a disease.

What type of measure?

Answer 2

Cross-sectional study

Prevalence

Question 3

Compares a group with exposure to a group without exposure.

What measure to use?

Answer 3

cohort study

Relative risk a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)

Question 4

Describe a study in phase I trial

Answer 4

small number of healthy volunteers

Question 5

Describe a study in phase II trial

Answer 5

small number of patients with disease of interest

Question 6

Describe a study in phase III trial

Answer 6

large number of patients randomly assigned to treatment or placebo

Question 7

Describe a study in phase IV trial

Answer 7

postmarketing surveillance

Question 8

equation for relative risk reduction

Answer 8

1-RR

Question 9

equation for attributable risk

Answer 9

a/a+b - c/c+d

Question 10

equation for absolute risk reduction

Answer 10

% people sick with placebo - % people sick with drug

Question 11

number needed to treat equation

Answer 11

1/ARR

Question 12

number needed to harm equation

Answer 12

1/AR

Question 13

People acting differently when they know they’re being watched

Answer 13

Hawthorne effect

Question 14

early detection is confused with increased survival is called

Answer 14

lead time bias

Question 15

a study looking only at inpatients

Answer 15

Berkson bias

Question 16

studying populations that are healthier than the normal population

Answer 16

Healthy worker and volunteer bias

Question 17

equation for standard error of the mean

Answer 17

SD/(n^.5)

Question 18

Who benefits from Medicaid

Answer 18

the poor

Question 19

concept of respecting patients as individuals, giving them the ability to choose with informed consent, and to honor their preference

Answer 19

patient autonomy

Question 20

concept of acting in the patient’s best interest even if it clashes with autonomy or what is best for society

Answer 20

beneficence

Question 21

concept of do no harm, even if it clashes with what the patient wants sometimes

Answer 21

nonmaleficence

Question 22

treating all persons fairly and equally

Answer 22

justice