1 - Before You Begin Flashcards by Jade Atakpo

What is Anatomy?

Study of the structure of the body.

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What is Physiology?

the study of the functions of the body.

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What is Pathology ?

The study of the diseases.

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What does anatomical position mean?

Is a basic position that can be used as a preference point.

Head facing forward
Feet parallel
Arms hanging by the side
Palms facing forward.

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What does anterior mean?

Anterior is the front of the body.

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What does posterior mean?

Posterior is the back of the body.

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What does ventral mean?

Ventral is the back of the body.

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What does dorsal mean?

Dorsal is the back of the body.

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What does lateral mean?

Away from the median line.

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What does median mean?

Close to the median line.

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What does the midline / median line mean?

Invisible line which goes through the centre of the body.

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What does Proximal mean ?

Closer to the origin of point or point of attachment of the joint.

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What does distal mean?

Farther from the origin or point of attachment of the limb

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What does superficial mean?

Towards the surface of the body

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What does deep mean?

Away from the surface of the body.

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What is another word for superior?

Cranial or Cephalad

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What does the superior mean?

Towards the head or above.

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What is another word for inferior?

Caudal

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What does inferior or caudal mean?

Away from the head or below.

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CUTANEOUS

SKIN

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CEPHALIC

HEAD

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CRANIAL

SKULL

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FACIAL

FACE

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FRONTAL

FOREHEAD

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OPHTHALMIC / ORBITAL

EYE

OTIC

EAR

BUCCAL

CHEEK

NASAL

Nose

OCCIPITAL

Back of head

CERVICAL

NECK

THORACIC

CHEST

COSTAL

RIBS

PERICARDIAL

HEART

MAMMARY

BREAST

ABDOMINAL

ABDOMEN

UMBILICAL

NAVEL

DORSAL

BACK

LUMBAR

LOWER BACK

COXAL

HIP

PELVIC

PELVIS

INGUINAL

GROIN

PUBIC

PUBIS

PERINEAL

AREA BETWEEN ANUS AND URETHAL OPENING

ACROMIAL

SHOULDER

SCAPULAR

SHOULDER BLADE

AXILLARY

ARMPIT

BRACHIAL

ARM, UPPER LIMB

CUBIAL

ELBOW OR FOREHAM

ANTECUBIAL

FRONT OF THE ELBOW

OLECRANAL

BACK OF THE ELBOW

ANTEBRACHIAL

FOREARM

CARPAL

WRIST

MANUS

HAND

PALMAR / METACARPAL

PALM, INNER SURFACE OF THE HAND

DIGITAL / PHALANGEAL

TOES (can be referred as fingers)

GLUTEAL

BUTTOCKS

CRURAL

Leg, lower limb

FEMORAL

THIGH

PATALLER

FRONT OF KNEE

POPLITEAL

BACK OF KNEE

SURAL

CALF

TARSAL

ANKLE

PEDAL

FOOT

CALCANEAL

HEEL

PLANTAR

Sole of the foot

PARIETAL

Inner walls of a body cavity

Visceral

Internal organs of the body

Sagittal plane

Divides the body into left and right.

Frontal or Coronal plane

Divides the body into posterior.

Transverse plane or cross-section

Divides the body into superior and inferior.

Oblique plane

Divides the body at an angle between the transverse, frontal and sagittal planes.

Quadrant

A region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

Cavity

Spaces in the body that contain and protect the organs of the body

Signs

Signs can be detected by someone next to the patient. Such as skin rashes, lumps and high blood pressure.

Symptoms

Symptoms are felt by the patient. Such as pain, fatigue, anxiety and thirst.

Localised

If a specific organ or area is affected. Note : rosacea on the cheeks

Systemic

If the whole body is involved in the condition is said to be systemic. Note : influenza

Acute diseases

Generally Begin suddenly and are short-lived. They are resolvable. Note : chicken pox or a broken bone.

Chronic disease

Chronic disease is persistent or long term and not always resolvable . Note : diabetes mellitus or rheumatoid arthritis

Cachexia

Refers to muscle wasting Weight loss not only muscle but fat too includes fatigue and loss of appetite

Cyanosis

Bluish discolouration of the skin or the mucous membrane. Representing low oxygen levels in the blood.

Fever

Elevated body temperature more than 37.8 degrees.

Inflammation

Common immune response to injury or invasion.

Jaundice

Yellowing of the skin or eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin.

Oedema

Excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid in the body tissues.

Pallor

Lack of colour or paleness of the skin

Aetiology

The cause or the origin of the disease

Diagnosis

The identification or process of naming the disease

Prognosis

The doctors opinion og how the disease will progress and the patients outcomes

Pathogenesis

How a disease process is set up in the body, including the cause and the mechanisms of the disease