1- Basics of the energy industry Flashcards
Gain a basic understanding of the energy industry (market, technologies, challenges ...)
What are the fundamentals of a prosperous economy?
Capital, Resources, People, Energy
How much electricity does an average German consume per day?
20 kWh daily
How much electricity does a Chinese consume per day?
10 kWh daily
and an American consumer?
40 kWh daily
What is the share of energy consumption in each sector in Germany?
- Commerce, Trade, Services
- Household
- Transport
- Industry
- Commerce, Trade, Services: 15,5%
- Household 25,1%
- Transport 29,4%
- Industry 30%
How is the energy consumption of a typical energy household look like?
- 65.8% Heating
- 0.6% Mechanical energy
- 2.1% Lighting
- 4.1% Information and communication
- 15.9% Hot water
- 11.4% Rest
Of what elements is a power matrix composed?
- Power generation
- Oil & Gas production
- Power Transmission
- Energy consumption
What are the average annual investment between 2010-2030 in oil & gas production (primary energy)?
600-700 trillion € :
- 50% in oil
- 44% in gas
- 6% in others
What are the average annual investment in power generation between 2010-2030 worldwide?
300 trillion € 60% of which are in Renewable Energies and 40% in others
What are the average annual investment in transmission& distribution ( power grids) between 2010-2030 worldwide?
200 billion € 30% of which in power transmission and 70% in power distribution
What are the conventional power plants?
- Gas power plants
- Combined Cycle
- Steam power plants
- Nuclear power plants
- Hydro power plants
What is the cheapest conventional eleclectricity?
- hydro: 3-4 cens/kWh
- Steam power plants: 4-8 cents/kWh
Compare the conventional energy sources in terms of CO2 emissions!
What are the characteristics of combined cycle power plant?
- Typical plant size:400-600 MW
- Efficiency: > 61%
- Lifetime: ~ 25 years
- CO2emissions:340 gCO2/kWh
- Electricity production cost: 3-8€ct/kWh
How did the performance of combined cycle power plants evolve in the last 20 years? give example of some projects
How does a steam power plant work and what are its characteristics?
- Typical plant size:600-1,100MW
- Efficiency: ~ 46%
- Lifetime: ~ 35 years
- CO2emissions:600-700 gCO2/kWh
- Electricity production cost: 4-8€ct/kWh
How did the efficiency of steam power plants evolve over the last 20 years?
How does a nuclear power plants work and what is its typical efficiency?
Efficiency 35%
How does a hydro power plants work?
- Typical plant size:Small: 5-10 MW Large: > 10,000 MW
- Efficiency: to 90%
- Lifetime: ~60-80years
- CO2 emissions:0gCO2/kWh
- Electricity productioncost: 3-10€ct/kWh
What is the cheapest renewable energy source? in terms of both investment and electricity production costs?
How did wind power develop over time in the last two decades?
from 30 kW to 7 MW installed capacity for one wind turbine–> Huge development
from 11m to 150m rotor diameter
PV Anlage für ein Household, how does it work, and what are its characteristics?
- Typical plant size:> 1 MW
- Efficiency: ~ 17%
- Lifetime: 20-30years
- CO2emissions:0 gCO2/kWh
- Electricity production cost: 6-28€ct/kWh
