Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT GChem > 1. Atoms, Molecules, and Quantum Mechanics > Flashcards

1. Atoms, Molecules, and Quantum Mechanics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Moles (formula)

A

moles = grams / (atomic or molecular weight in g/mol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Percent Yield

A

Percent yield = actual yield / theoretical yield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Planck’s Quantum Theory

A

delta E = hf (h is Planck’s constant 6.6 x 10^-4 Js) and f is frequency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

6.022x10^23

A

a mole. Avogradro’s number. 6.022x10^23 amu = 1 gram.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

amu

A

“atomic mass units”. Used for atomic weight aka molar mass. An amu is defined by carbon-12. One atom of carbon-12 has an atomic weight of 12 amu. All other atomic weights are measured against this standard.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Avogradro’s Number

A

6.022x10^23. a mole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atomic Number

A

Denote as “Z”. Found bottom left of the element symbol. Number of protons. This is the identity of the element.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atomic Radius

A

Distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost electron. (aka, size of atom). LEFT to RIGHT: DECREASES. TOP to BOTTOM: INCREASES.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atomic Weight

A

aka molar mass in units amu. Not weight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atoms

A

Tiny particles making up mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bond Dissociation Energy

A

Energy needed to break the bond.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bond Energy

A

The energy necessary to achieve a complete separation of two atoms so there are no more forces between the two atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bond Length

A

The point where the energy level is the lowest (bonds are only formed when two atoms can lower their overall energy level).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bonds

A

Connects atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compounds

A

Made from two or more elements in definite proportions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Two electrons are shared by two nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff)

A

The amount of charge felt by the second electron due to shielding of the first electron. x LEFT to RIGHT: INCREASES, TOP to BOTTOM: INCREASES.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Electron Affinity

A

Willingness of an atom to accept an additional electron. Energy released when an electron is added. LEFT to RIGHT: INCREASES, TOP to BOTTOM: DECREASES.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Electronegativity

A

Tendency of an atom to attract these shared electrons. LEFT to RIGHT: INCREASES, TOP to BOTTOM: DECREASES.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Electron Configuration

A

Shells and subshells listed in order from lowest to highest energy level. 1s2s2p3s3p4s3d4p.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Electrons

A

Surrounds the nucleus of an atom. Weight nothing relative to proton or neutron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Elements

A

Building blocks of all compounds and cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Empirical Formula

A

Ratio for relative numer of atoms of one element to another. Simplified version of molecular formula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

First Ionization Energy

A

Energy to detach an electron from a neutral atom to form +1 cation.

25
Q

Ground State

A

Atoms whose electrons are all at their lowest energy levels.

26
Q

Groups or Families

A

Vertical columns of periodic table.

27
Q

Hund’s Rule

A

Electrons prefers to have its own orbital when such an orbital is available at the same energy level. Definition: Electrons will not fill any orbital in the same subshell until all orbitals in that subshell contain at least one electron, and the unpaired electrons will have parallel spins to avoid repulsion of like charges.

28
Q

Inert Gases

A

Noble gases (last family). Nonreactive. Gases at room temp.

29
Q

Ionization Energy

A

Energy necessary to detach an electron from a nucleus. LEFT to RIGHT: INCREASES. TOP to BOTTOM: DECREASES

30
Q

Isotopes

A

Same element (same number of protons) but different numbers of neutrons. Have similar chemical properties.

31
Q

Mass Number

A

denote as “A”. Found top left of the element symbol. Number of protons plus neutrons.

32
Q

Metallic Character

A

LEFT to RIGHT: DECREASES, TOP to BOTTOM: INCREASES

33
Q

Metalloids

A

B, Si, GE, As, Sb, Te, At. Characteristics that resemble metals and nonmetals.

34
Q

Metals

A

Left side of table and f-block. Large atoms, tend to lose electrons to form positive ions. Metallic characteristics: ductility (easily stretched), malleability (hammered into thin strips), thermal and electrical conductivity, luster. All metals but mercury are solids at room temp. Typically form ionic oxides (except BeO, not ionic).

35
Q

Molar Mass (MM or M)

A

mass, not weight.

36
Q

Mole (mole)

A

carbon-12 defines a mole. A mole is 6.022x10^23 of something.

37
Q

Molecular Formula

A

Represents the exact number of elemental atoms in the molecule.

38
Q

Molecules

A

Groups of atoms form repeated, separate and distinct units.

39
Q

Nonmetals

A

Right of table. Generally have lower melting points than metals. Form negative ions. Form covalent oxides such as SiO2 or CO2.

40
Q

Nucleus

A

Center of atom where you can find protons, neutrons.

41
Q

Period

A

Horizontal row of periodic table.

42
Q

Periodic Table

A

Lists the elements from left to right in the order of their atomic numbers.

43
Q

Photoelectric Effect

A

Know that kinetic energy of the electrons increases only when the frequency is increased. One-to-one, photon to electron collision. Light was made up of particles.

44
Q

Protons

A

Has positive charge. Resides in the nucleus of an atom.

45
Q

Second Ionization Energy

A

Energy to remove second electron to form +2 cation. Always greater than the first because Zeff increased.

46
Q

Shell

A

n. Principle quantum number. energy level.

47
Q

Sheilding

A

In atoms with more than one electrons, the first electron shields some of the nuclear charge from the second electron and so it doesn’t feel the entire nuclear charge Z, just feels partial.

48
Q

Subshells

A

l. azimuthal quantum number.

49
Q

Transition Metals

A

d-block.

50
Q

Valence Electrons

A

Electrons on the outermost shell and contribute to an element’s chemical properties.

51
Q

Diatomic Molecules

A

H, O, N and halogens.

52
Q

Pauli Exclusion Principle

A

No two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers.

53
Q

Principle Quantum Number (n)

A

Designates shell level.

54
Q

Azimuthal Quantum Number (l)

A

Subshell, shape.. L = 0 is s. l = 1 is p. l = 2 is d. l = 3 is f.

55
Q

Magnetic Quantum Number (ml)

A

Precise orbital of a given subshell. Range from -l to l.

56
Q

Electron Spin Quantum Number (ms)

A

To distinguish the two electrons that may occupy the same orbital. Value are -1/2 and +1/2

57
Q

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

A

keywords are “position and momentum”. The more we know about the momentun of any particle, the less we know about the position. The uncertainty is on the order of Planck’s constant (6.63 x 10^-34 Js, super small).

58
Q

Aufbau Principle

A

With each new proton added to create a new element, the new electron that is also added will occupy the lowest energy level that is available to it. Lower the energy level, more stable the system.

MCAT GChem (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions