1. Atomic structure & The periodic table (Group 1 & 7)

Question 1

How many electrons do group 1 metals have on their outer shell?

Answer 1

1 electron

Question 2

What must group 1 metals do in order to become stable?

Answer 2

Lose an electron

Question 3

What does stable mean?

Answer 3

Closest to having a full outer shell

Question 4

What are ions?

Answer 4

An atom when it loses or gains electrons

Question 5

What are the properties of Group 1 metals?

Answer 5

• low density (float on water)
• soft and can be cut with a knife
• they are shiny when newly cut, but are quick to turn dull
• they are extremely reactive and react with the oxygen in the air

Question 6

Why are alkali metals stored in oil?

Answer 6

because they are extremely reactive and react with the oxygen in the air

Question 7

What happens to reactivity as you go down group 1?

Answer 7

Reactivity increases

Question 8

Why does reactivity increase as you go down group 1?

Answer 8

• As you go down group 1 the atoms get bigger
• this is because they have more electrons, so more shells
• so the distance between the positive nucleus and outer-most electron increases
• so the electrostatic force of attraction is weaker
• so less force is required to overcome this attraction
• so it’s easier to lose the electron
• so reactivity increases down the group

Question 9

What happens to the melting and boiling points as you go down group 1 and why?

Answer 9

• they decrease as you go down the group
• because the metallic bond decreases
• hence less energy is required to overcome and break this bond

Question 10

How do the alkali metals react with water?

Answer 10

They react vigorously with water

Question 11

What do alkali metals produce when they react with water?

Answer 11

Alkali metal + water —> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 12

What do alkali metals form when they react with oxygen?

Answer 12

Metal oxides

Question 13

What do alkali metals produce when they react with chlorine?

Answer 13

A white metal chloride salt

Question 14

What happens when lithium reacts with water?

Answer 14

• you can see it fizzing and giving off effervescence (hydrogen gas)
• you can hear a squeaky pop

Question 15

What happens when sodium reacts with water?

Answer 15

• you can see fizzing and it floats on the surface
• it has a zigzag movement
• gives off effervescence

Question 16

What happens when potassium reacts with water?

Answer 16

• burns with a lilac flame
• sizzles and sparxs
• floats on the surface

Question 17

How do Group 7 elements react?

Answer 17

By gaining an electron

Question 18

What are the group 7 elements?

Answer 18

Halogens (non metals)

Question 19

What happens to reactivity as you go down group 7?

Answer 19

Reactivity decreases

Question 20

Why does reactivity decrease as you go down Group 7?

Answer 20

• As you go down group 7, the atoms get bigger
• this is because they have more electrons, therefore more shells
• this means that the distance to the positive nucleus is greater
• this means that the electrostatic force of attraction is weaker
• so it is harder to attract and gain an electron
• so reactivity decreases as you go down the group

Question 21

What happens to the melting and boiling points as you go down Group 7 and why?

Answer 21

It increases because there is an increase in the number of shells

Question 22

What are the 1- ions halogens form called?

Answer 22

Halides

Question 23

How does displacement work with group 7 elements?

Answer 23

A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive one

Question 24

How do the halogens exist as?

Answer 24

diatomic atoms

Question 25

What does diatomic mean?

Answer 25

consisting of 2 atoms

Question 26

What bond do halogens form with other non-metals?

Answer 26

Covalent bonds

Question 27

What bond do halogens form with metals?

Answer 27

Ionic bonds