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112B Chem P1 > 1 Atomic Structure - Periodic Table > Flashcards

1 Atomic Structure - Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

What is the atomic number of an atom?

A

The number of protons in an atom

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2
Q

What is the mass number of an atom?

A

The number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom

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3
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

Mass number - atomic number

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4
Q

How are the electrons arranged in atoms?

A

Orbiting the nucleus in shells

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5
Q

How many electrons can go in the first shell?

A

2

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6
Q

How many electrons can go in the second and third shells?

A

8

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7
Q

What are groups in the periodic table?

A

The columns, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0

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8
Q

What can the group tell you about the electrons in an atom?

A

How many electrons in the outer shell. E.g. carbon is in group 4 so has 4 electrons in the outer shell

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9
Q

What are periods in the periodic table?

A

The rows in the periodic table

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10
Q

What can the period tell you about the electrons in an atom?

A

How many shells an atom has. E.g. carbon is in the second period so has two shells

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11
Q

Why did Mendeleev put some elements in groups?

A

Because they had similar chemical properties (e.g. they reacted violently with water)

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12
Q

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table?

A

For elements that had not been discovered yet

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13
Q

What is an ion?

A

an atom which has lost or gained electron(s)

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14
Q

How many electrons does calcium have?

A

20 (same as atomic number!)

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15
Q

How many electrons does silicon have?

A

14 (same as atomic number!)

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16
Q

How are the electrons in sulphur arranged?

A

2.8.6 (18 electrons total)

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17
Q

How are the electrons in magnesium arranged?

A

2.8.2 (12 electrons total)

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18
Q

How many electrons are in the outer shell of boron?

A

3 (it is in group 3!)

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19
Q

How many electrons are in the outer shell of phosphorous?

A

5 (it is in group 5!)

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20
Q

How many electrons are in the outer shell of sodium?

A

1 (it is in group 1!)

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21
Q

An element has three shells and three electrons in the outer shell. What element is it?

A

Aluminium (group 3, period 3

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22
Q

How many electrons are in the outer shell of Gallium?

A

3 (it is in group 3!)

23
Q

Name the first 5 elements in the periodic table

A

Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron

24
Q

Name the first 10 elements in the periodic table

A

Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon

25
Name the first 15 elements in the periodic table
Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Phosphorus
26
Name the first 20 elements in the periodic table
Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, Calcium
27
What are the elements in group 1 called?
Alkali Metals
28
How does the reactivity of the group 1 alkali metals change as you move down the group?
They become more reactive
29
In terms of electrons, what do group 1 elements have in common?
1 electron in the outer shell
30
In terms of electrons, what do group 7 elements have in common?
7 electrons in the outer shell
31
In terms of electrons, what do group 0 elements have in common?
Full outer shell
32
What is more reactive, lithium or sodium?
Sodium
33
What is more reactive, chlorine or bromine?
Chlorine
34
Define inert
Unreactive
35
Explain why the noble gases are inert
They have full outer shells, so do not need to gain or lose electrons
36
What is a trend?
A pattern in properties
37
State the trend in the melting points of the alkali metals
Gets lower as you move down the group
38
What state is fluorine at room temperature?
Gas
39
What state is chlorine at room temperature?
Gas
40
What state is bromine at room temperature?
liquid
41
What state is iodine at room temperature?
solid
42
Balance the equation: Li + H?O ? LiOH + H?
2Li + 2H? ? 2LiOH + H?
43
Balance the equation: K + H?O ? KOH + H?
2K + H? ? KOH + H?
44
Name LiOH
Lithium hydroxide
45
Name KOH
Potassium hydroxide
46
Explain why the group 1 elements are called alkali metals
They are metals that form alkalis when they react with water
47
What is a displacement reaction?
A reaction in which a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound
48
Explain why the following reaction does not proceed: KBr + I?
Iodine is less reactive than bromine so cannot displace it
49
Balance the below equation and explain why it is a displacement reaction: KBr + Cl? ? KCl + Br?
2KBr + Cl? ? 2KCl + Br? , chlorine has displaced bromine as it is more reactive
50
Explain why fluorine is more reactive than chlorine
Fewer shells/electrons, less shielding (or stronger attraction from nucleus), easier to gain electrons
51
Explain why potassium is more reactive than lithium (3 marks)
More shells/electrons, less shielding (or weaker attraction from nucleus), easier to lose electrons
52
Explain why bromine is less reactive than chlorine (3 marks)
More shells/electrons, more shielding (or weaker attraction from nucleus), harder to gain electrons
53
Explain why sodium is less reactive than caesium (3 marks)
Fewer shells/electrons, less shielding (or stronger attraction from nucleus), harder to lose electrons
54
What happens to the number of electon shells as you move down the periodic table?
The number of electron shells increases

112B Chem P1 (10 decks)

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