1 Atomic Structure - Atomic Model

Question 1

Define atom

Answer 1

The smallest part of an element that can still be recognised as that element

Question 2

Define element

Answer 2

A substance made of only one type of atom

Question 3

Define compound

Answer 3

A substance made of two or more different atoms chemically bonded together

Question 4

Define molecule

Answer 4

A substance made of more than one atom chemically bonded together (can be atoms of the same type!)

Question 5

Define mixture

Answer 5

A substance made of more than one thing not chemically bonded together

Question 6

State the three subatomic particles

Answer 6

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 7

State the masses of the subatomic particles

Answer 7

Protons: 1, neutrons: 1, electrons: 0

Question 8

State the relative charges of the subatomic particles

Answer 8

Protons: +1, neutrons: 0, electrons: -1

Question 9

How are the subatomic particles arranged in an atom? (3 marks)

Answer 9

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbiting in shells

Question 10

What is the plum pudding model of the atom?

Answer 10

A ball of positive charge with negative electrons studded into it

Question 11

What did the gold foil (Rutherford Scattering) experiment prove?

Answer 11

That atoms have dense nucleuses with a positive charge

Question 12

What is the atomic number of an atom?

Answer 12

The number of protons in an atom

Question 13

What is the mass number of an atom?

Answer 13

The number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom

Question 14

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 14

Mass number - atomic number

Question 15

How are the electrons arranged in atoms?

Answer 15

Orbiting the nucleus in shells

Question 16

How many electrons can go in the first shell?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

How many electrons can go in the second and third shells?

Answer 17

8

Question 18

What is an ion?

Answer 18

an atom which has lost or gained electron(s)

Question 19

What are all substances made of?

Answer 19

Atoms

Question 20

What is an isotope?

Answer 20

An atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons.

Question 21

Where are neutrons found?

Answer 21

In the nucleus

Question 22

Where are protons found?

Answer 22

In the nucleus

Question 23

Where are electrons found?

Answer 23

Orbiting the nucleus in shells

Question 24

If an element has an atomic number of 6, what does this tell you about the atom?

Answer 24

There are 6 protons in the nucleus

Question 25

An element has a mass number of 23 and a mass number of 11. How many protons are there? How many neutrons are there?

Answer 25

11 protons, 12 neutons

Question 26

How does an atom become a positive ion?

Answer 26

loses an electron

Question 27

How does an atom become a negative ion?

Answer 27

Gains an electron

Question 28

Who discovered the electron?

Answer 28

J.J. Thomson

Question 29

The same element must always have the same number of…?

Answer 29

Protons

Question 30

What is the majority of the mass of an atom?

Answer 30

The nucleus, as the mass of an electron is almost zero compared to the mass of protons and neutrons

Question 31

What was Dalton’s theory about the atom?

Answer 31

all matter is made of small invisible units called atoms

Question 32

What was Thomson’s theory about the atom?

Answer 32

He discovered the electron and therefore knew the atom was made up of charged particles. He introduced the Plum Pudding Model

Question 33

What was Rutherford’s theory about the atom?

Answer 33

following the alpha particle scattering experiment he update the plum pudding model to the Nuclear Model; that most of the mass of the atom was concentrated in the nucleus which carries a positive charge

Question 34

What was Bohr’s theory about the atom?

Answer 34

Bohr updated the Nuclear model to show that electrons orbit the nucleus in certain energy levels

Question 35

What was Chadwick’s theory about the atom?

Answer 35

discovered the neutron

Question 36

Why did the discovery of electrons mean that Dalton’s model of the atom needed to be updated?

Answer 36

That atoms were not the smallest thing anymore, as the electron was smaller than the atom

Question 37

What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?

Answer 37

In a compound the elements are chemically bonded. They are not chemically bonded in a mixture

Question 38

How can an atom become and ion with a 2+ charge?

Answer 38

Loses two electrons

Question 39

Explain the overall charge on an atom.

Answer 39

The overall charge will be neutral as there are the same number of protons (with a positive charge) as electrons (with a negative charge). Making the atom have no overall charge.

Question 40

What is a reactant?

Answer 40

The substances you start with in a chemical reaction.

Question 41

What is a product?

Answer 41

The substances made in a chemical reaction.

Question 42

When is an equation balanced?

Answer 42

When there are the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation.

Question 43

What does the state symbol (s) mean?

Answer 43

The substance is solid

Question 44

What does the state symbol (l) mean?

Answer 44

The substance is liquid

Question 45

What does the state symbol (g) mean?

Answer 45

The substance is a gas

Question 46

What does the state symbol (aq) mean?

Answer 46

The substance is aqueous

Question 47

What does aqueous mean?

Answer 47

The substance can be dissolved in water.