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Paper 1 10B2 > 1 Atomic Structure - Atomic Model > Flashcards

1 Atomic Structure - Atomic Model Flashcards

1
Q

Define atom

A

The smallest part of an element that can still be recognised as that element

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2
Q

Define element

A

A substance made of only one type of atom

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3
Q

Define compound

A

A substance made of two or more different atoms chemically bonded together

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4
Q

Define molecule

A

A substance made of more than one atom chemically bonded together (can be atoms of the same type!)

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5
Q

Define mixture

A

A substance made of 2 or more elements or compounds not chemically bonded together

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6
Q

State the three subatomic particles

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

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7
Q

State the masses of the subatomic particles

A

Protons: 1, neutrons: 1, electrons: very small

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8
Q

State the relative charges of the subatomic particles

A

Protons: +1, neutrons: 0, electrons: -1

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9
Q

How are the subatomic particles arranged in an atom? (3 marks)

A

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbiting in shells

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10
Q

What is the plum pudding model of the atom?

A

A ball of positive charge with negative electrons studded into it

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11
Q

What did the gold foil (Rutherford Scattering) experiment prove?

A

That atoms have dense nucleuses with a positive charge. Most of the atom is empty space as most of the alpha particles passed straight through.

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12
Q

What is the atomic number of an atom?

A

The number of protons in an atom

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13
Q

What is the mass number of an atom?

A

The number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom

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14
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

Mass number - atomic number

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15
Q

How are the electrons arranged in atoms?

A

Orbiting the nucleus in shells

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16
Q

How many electrons can go in the first shell?

A

2

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17
Q

How many electrons can go in the second and third shells?

A

8

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18
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged species (can be positive or negative). It has become charged by losing or gaining electron(s)

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19
Q

What are all substances made of?

A

Atoms

20
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom of the same element with the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons

21
Q

Where are neutrons found?

A

In the nucleus

22
Q

Where are protons found?

A

In the nucleus

23
Q

Where are electrons found?

A

Orbiting the nucleus in shells

24
Q

If an element has an atomic number of 6, what does this tell you about the atom?

A

There are 6 protons in the nucleus

25
Q

An element has a mass number of 23 and a mass number of 11. How many protons are there? How many neutrons are there?

A

11 protons, 12 neutons

26
Q

How does an atom become an ion with a +1 charge?

A

loses an electron

27
Q

How does an atom become an ion with a -1 charge?

A

Gains an electron

28
Q

Who discovered the electron?

A

J.J. Thomson

29
Q

The same element must always have the same number of…?

A

Protons

30
Q

What is the majority of the mass of an atom?

A

The nucleus, as the mass of an electron is almost zero compared to the mass of protons and neutrons

31
Q

What was Dalton’s theory about the atom?

A

all matter is made of small invisible units called atoms

32
Q

What was Thomson’s theory about the atom?

A

He discovered the electron and therefore knew the atom was made up of charged particles. He introduced the Plum Pudding Model

33
Q

What was Rutherford’s theory about the atom?

A

following the alpha particle scattering experiment he update the plum pudding model to the Nuclear Model; that most of the mass of the atom was concentrated in the nucleus which carries a positive charge

34
Q

What was Bohr’s theory about the atom?

A

Bohr updated the Nuclear model to show that electrons orbit the nucleus in certain energy levels

35
Q

What was Chadwick’s theory about the atom?

A

discovered the neutron

36
Q

Why did the discovery of electrons mean that Dalton’s model of the atom needed to be updated?

A

That atoms were not the smallest thing anymore, as the electron was smaller than the atom

37
Q

What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?

A

In a compound the elements are chemically bonded. They are not chemically bonded in a mixture

38
Q

How can an atom become an ion with a 2+ charge?

A

Loses two electrons

39
Q

Explain the overall charge on an atom.

A

The overall charge will be neutral as there are the same number of protons (with a positive charge) as electrons (with a negative charge). Making the atom have no overall charge.

40
Q

What is a reactant?

A

The substances you start with in a chemical reaction.

41
Q

What is a product?

A

The substances made in a chemical reaction.

42
Q

When is an equation balanced?

A

When there are the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation.

43
Q

What does the state symbol (s) mean?

A

The substance is solid

44
Q

What does the state symbol (l) mean?

A

The substance is liquid

45
Q

What does the state symbol (g) mean?

A

The substance is a gas

46
Q

What does the state symbol (aq) mean?

A

The substance is aqueous

47
Q

What does aqueous mean?

A

The substance can be dissolved in water.

Paper 1 10B2 (13 decks)

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