1- Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Flashcards
What is the charge of a proton
+1
What is the charge of a neutron
0
What is the charge of an electron
-1
what is the mass of a proton
1
what is the mass of a neutron
1
what is the mass of an electron
1/1840
What does the atomic mass relate to
The number of protons in the element
What does the mass number relate to
The number of protons + neutrons in an element
What is an isotope
When an element has the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
What is a mass spectrometer
It measures the masses of atoms and molecules
What are the 2 trends in ionisation energies across the periodic table
1) across a period
2) down a group
What is periodicity
Looking at repeating patterns across a period of the periodic table
What is Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)
the weighted mean (average) mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
What is Relative Isotopic Mass
the mass of an individual atom of a particular isotope relative to 1/12 of the mass of carbon-12
What is Hund’s Rule
Electrons will occupy the orbitals singly before pairing takes place
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle
2 electrons cannot occupy the same orbital unless they have opposite spins
What is the first ionisation energy
The first ionisation energy is the energy required to remove an electron from each atom in one mole of atoms to form one mole of ions in the gaseous state.
What is the second ionisation energy
The second ionisation energy is the energy to remove an electron from each singly charged positive ion in one mole of positive ions in the gaseous state.
