1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

Alkali metals:

Answer 1

The elements in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Question 2

Atom:

Answer 2

The smallest part of an element that can exist. All substances are made up of atoms.

Question 3

Atomic nucleus:

Answer 3

Positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it.

Question 4

Atomic number:

Answer 4

The number of protons in the nucleus.

Question 5

Chromatography:

Answer 5

A separation technique used to separate a mixture of chemicals by distributing the components between two phases.

Question 6

Compound:

Answer 6

A substance made up of two or more types of atoms chemically combined together.

Question 7

Crystallisation:

Answer 7

A separation technique used to produce solid crystals from a solution by evaporating the solvent.

Question 8

Displacement:

Answer 8

A chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound.

Question 9

Electron:

Answer 9

Negatively charged subatomic particle which orbit the nucleus at various energy levels. Very small relative mass (negligible).

Question 10

Electron shell:

Answer 10

Different energy levels in atoms occupied by electrons.

Question 11

Element:

Answer 11

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

Question 12

Filtration:

Answer 12

A separation technique used to separate solids from liquids.

Question 13

Fractional distillation:

Answer 13

A method of separating a mixture of substances according to their different boiling points.

Question 14

Group (periodic table):

Answer 14

The columns of the periodic table represent different groups of elements. Elements with similar properties are in the same group.

Question 15

Halogens:

Answer 15

The elements in Group 7 of the periodic table.

Question 16

Ion:

Answer 16

An atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

Question 17

Isotope:

Answer 17

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 18

Mass number:

Answer 18

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 19

Metals:

Answer 19

Elements that react to form positive ions. Found to the left and towards the bottom of the periodic table.

Question 20

Mixture:

Answer 20

A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.

Question 21

Neutron:

Answer 21

Neutral subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. Relative mass of 1.

Question 22

Noble gases:

Answer 22

The elements in Group 0 of the periodic table.

Question 23

Non-metals:

Answer 23

Elements that react to form negative ions. Found towards the right and top of the periodic table.

Question 24

Nuclear model:

Answer 24

The nuclear atomic model stated that the mass was concentrated at the centre of the atom and that the nucleus was charged.

Question 25

Periodic table:

Answer 25

Table of elements arranged in order of atomic number and such that elements with similar properties are in the same column (group).

Question 26

Plum pudding model:

Answer 26

Atomic model devised after the discovery of the electron. The model suggests the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons scattered through it.

Question 27

Proton:

Answer 27

Positively charged subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. Relative mass of 1.

Question 28

Relative atomic mass:

Answer 28

An average value that takes account of the abundance of the isotopes of the element.

Question 29

Simple distillation:

Answer 29

A procedure by which two liquids with different boiling points can be separated.

Question 30

Transition metals:

Answer 30

The collection of metallic elements in the middle of the periodic table